Pepene CE, Ilie IR, Marian I, Duncea I: Circulating osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor {kappa}B ligand in polycystic ovary syndrome: relationships to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011, 164: 61-8. 10.1530/EJE-10-0720.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shaw LJ, Bairey Merz CN, Azziz R, Stanczyk FZ, Sopko G, Braunstein GD, Kelsey SF, Kip KE, Cooper-Dehoff RM, Johnson BD, Vaccarino V, Reis SE, Bittner V, Hodgson TK, Rogers W, Pepine CJ: Postmenopausal women with a history of irregular menses and elevated androgen measurements at high risk for worsening cardiovascular event-free survival: results from the National Institutes of Health--National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008, 93: 1276-84. 10.1210/jc.2007-0425.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ilie IR, Pepene CE, Marian I, Mocan T, Hazi G, Dragotoiu G, Ilie R, Mocan L, Duncea I: The polycystic ovary syndrome [pcos] status and cardiovascular risk in young women. Cent Eur J Med. 2011, 6: 64-75. 10.2478/s11536-010-0054-1.
Google Scholar
Buzdugan E, Crisan S, Campean R, Donca V, Radulescu D, Duncea C: Cardiovascular event risk in relation to arterial stiffness in patients with subclinical peripheral atherosclerosis. HVM Bioflux. 2009, 1: 45-54.
Google Scholar
Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Alexandraki K, Piperi C, Protogerou A, Katsikis I, Paterakis T, Lekakis J, Panidis D: Inflammatory and endothelial markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2006, 36: 691-697. 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01712.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meyer C, McGrath BP, Teede HJ: Overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome have evidence of subclinical cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 5711-5716. 10.1210/jc.2005-0011.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Spina G, Kouli C, Migdalis I: Increased endothelin-1 levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and the beneficial effect of metformin therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001, 86: 4666-73. 10.1210/jc.86.10.4666.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agarwal N, Rice SP, Bolusani H, Luzio SD, Dunseath G, Ludgate M, Rees DA: Metformin reduces arterial stiffness and improves endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010, 95: 722-30. 10.1210/jc.2009-1985.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meyer C, McGrath BP, Teede HJ: Effects of medical therapy on insulin resistance and the cardiovascular system in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2007, 30: 471-8. 10.2337/dc06-0618.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Alexandraki K, Protogerou A, Piperi C, Papamichael C, Aessopos A, Lekakis J, Mavrikakis M: Metformin administration improves endothelial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005, 152: 749-756. 10.1530/eje.1.01910.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Teede HJ, Meyer C, Hutchison SK, Zoungas S, McGrath BP, Moran LJ: Endothelial function and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: the effects of medical therapy. Fertil Steril. 2010, 93: 184-91. 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.034.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Paterakis T, Alexandraki K, Piperi C, Aessopos A, Katsikis I, Katsilambros N, Kreatsas G, Panidis D: Indices of low-grade chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome and the beneficial effect of metformin. Hum Reprod. 2006, 21: 1426-1431. 10.1093/humrep/del003.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morin-Papunen L, Rautio K, Ruokonen A, Hedberg P, Puukka M, Tapanainen JS: Metformin reduces serum C-reactive protein levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003, 88: 4649-54. 10.1210/jc.2002-021688.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nader S, Diamanti-Kandarakis E: Polycystic ovary syndrome, oral contraceptives and metabolic issues: new perspectives and a unifying hypothesis. Hum Reprod. 2007, 22: 317-22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mancini F, Cianciosi A, Persico N, Facchinetti F, Busacchi P, Battaglia C: Drospirenone and cardiovascular risk in lean and obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients: a pilot study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010, 202 (169): e1-8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Battaglia C, Mancini F, Fabbri R, Persico N, Busacchi P, Facchinetti F, Venturoli S: Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular risk in young patients treated with drospirenone-ethinylestradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring. A prospective, randomized, pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2010, 94: 1417-1425. 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.05.044.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, Janssen OE, Legro RS, Norman RJ, Taylor AE, Witchel SF: Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91: 4237-4245. 10.1210/jc.2006-0178.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Simoncini T, Caruso A, Giretti MS, Scorticati C, Fu XD, Garibaldi S, Baldacci C, Mannella P, Fornari L, Genazzani AR: Effects of dydrogesterone and of its stable metabolite, 20-alpha-dihydrodydrogesterone, on nitric oxide synthesis in human endothelial cells. Fertil Steril. 2006, 86: 1235-1242. 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.018.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maeda S, Jesmin S, Iemitsu M, Otsuki T, Matsuo T, Ohkawara K, Nakata Y, Tanaka K, Goto K, Miyauchi T: Weight loss reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentration in obese men. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006, 231: 1044-1047.
CAS
Google Scholar
Raitakari M, Ilvonen T, Ahotupa M, Lehtimäki T, Harmoinen A, Suominen P, Elo J, Hartiala J, Raitakari OT: Weight reduction with very-low-caloric diet and endothelial function in overweight adults: role of plasma glucose. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004, 24: 124-128. 10.1161/01.ATV.0000109749.11042.7c.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hamdy O, Ledbury S, Mullooly C, Jarema C, Porter S, Ovalle K, Moussa A, Caselli A, Caballero AE, Economides PA, Veves A, Horton ES: Lifestyle modification improves endothelial function in obese subjects with the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2003, 26: 2119-2125. 10.2337/diacare.26.7.2119.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clifton PM, Keogh JB, Foster PR, Noakes M: Effect of weight loss on inflammatory and endothelial markers and FMD using two low-fat diets. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005, 29: 1445-51. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803039.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Keogh JB, Brinkworth GD, Clifton PM: Effects of weight loss on a low-carbohydrate diet on flow-mediated dilatation, adhesion molecules and adiponectin. Br J Nutr. 2007, 98: 852-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Orio F, Palomba S, Cascella T, De Simone B, Manguso F, Savastano S, Russo T, Tolino A, Zullo F, Lombardi G, Azziz R, Colao A: Improvement in endothelial structure and function after metformin treatment in young normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results of a 6-month study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 6072-6076. 10.1210/jc.2005-0965.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Palomba S, Falbo A, Giallauria F, Russo T, Tolino A, Zullo F, Colao A, Orio F: Effects of metformin with or without supplementation with folate on homocysteine levels and vascular endothelium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2010, 33: 246-251. 10.2337/dc09-1516.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
English JL, Jacobs LO, Green G, Andrews TC: Effect of the menstrual cycle on endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery in normal young women. Am J Cardiol. 1998, 82: 256-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams MR, Westerman RA, Kingwell BA, Paige J, Blombery PA, Sudhir K, Komesaroff PA: Variations in endothelial function and arterial compliance during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001, 86: 5389-5395. 10.1210/jc.86.11.5389.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rickenlund A, Eriksson MJ, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Hirschberg AL: Oral contraceptives improve endothelial function in amenorrheic athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 3162-3167. 10.1210/jc.2004-1964.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rickenlund A, Eriksson MJ, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Hirschberg AL: Amenorrhea in female athletes is associated with endothelial dysfunction and unfavorable lipid profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 1354-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wakatsuki A, Okatani Y, Ikenoue N, Fukaya T: Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen. Circulation. 2001, 104: 1773-1778. 10.1161/hc4001.097035.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Faludi AA, Aldrighi JM, Bertolami MC, Saleh MH, Silva RA, Nakamura Y, Pereira IR, Abdalla DS, Ramires JA, Sousa JE: Progesterone abolishes estrogen and/or atorvastatin endothelium dependent vasodilatory effects. Atherosclerosis. 2004, 177: 89-96. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.05.030.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meendering JR, Torgrimson BN, Miller NP, Kaplan PF, Minson CT: A combined oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 3.0 mg drospirenone does not impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Contraception. 2010, 82: 366-372. 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.03.009.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ibanez L, Valls C, Cabre S, De Zegher F: Flutamide-metformin plus ethinylestradiol-drospirenone for lipolysis and antiatherogenesis in young women with ovarian hyperandrogenism: the key role of early, low-dose flutamide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 4716-4720. 10.1210/jc.2004-0047.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holte J, Bergh T, Berne C, Wide L, Lithell H: Restored insulin sensitivity but persistently increased early insulin secretion after weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995, 80: 2586-2593. 10.1210/jc.80.9.2586.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ibanez L, de Zegher F: Low-dose flutamide-metformin therapy for hyperinsulinemic hyperandrogenism in non-obese adolescents and women. Hum Reprod Update. 2006, 12: 243-252. 10.1093/humupd/dmi054.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ibanez L, de Zegher F: Ethinylestradiol-drospirenone, flutamide-metformin, or both for adolescents and women with hyperinsulinemic hyperandrogenism: opposite effects on adipocytokines and body adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 1592-1597. 10.1210/jc.2003-031281.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Palep-Singh M, Mook K, Barth J, Balen A: An observational study of Yasmin in the management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2004, 30: 163-165. 10.1783/1471189041261636.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guido M, Romualdi D, Giuliani M, Suriano R, Selvaggi L, Apa R, Lanzone A: Drospirenone for the treatment of hirsute women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a clinical, endocrinological, metabolic pilot study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 2817-2823. 10.1210/jc.2003-031158.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fruzzetti F, Perini D, Lazzarini V, Parrini D, Gambacciani M, Genazzani AR: Comparison of effects of 3 mg drospirenone plus 20 mug ethinyl estradiol alone or combined with metformin or cyproterone acetate on classic metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2010, 94: 1793-1798. 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.10.016.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mohlig M, Spranger J, Osterhoff M, Ristow M, Pfeiffer AF, Schill T, Schlösser HW, Brabant G, Schöfl C: The polycystic ovary syndrome per se is not associated with increased chronic inflammation. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004, 150: 525-532. 10.1530/eje.0.1500525.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shroff R, Kerchner A, Maifeld M, Van Beek EJ, Jagasia D, Dokras A: Young obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome have evidence of early coronary atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007, 92: 4609-4614. 10.1210/jc.2007-1343.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tarkun I, Arslan BC, Canturk Z, Turemen E, Sahin T, Duman C: Endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 5592-5596. 10.1210/jc.2004-0751.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Orio F, Palomba S, Cascella T, Di Biase S, Manguso F, Tauchmanovà L, Nardo LG, Labella D, Savastano S, Russo T, Zullo F, Colao A, Lombardi G: The increase of leukocytes as a new putative marker of low-grade chronic inflammation and early cardiovascular risk in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 2-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Puder JJ, Varga S, Kraenzlin M, De Geyter C, Keller U, Muller B: Central fat excess in polycystic ovary syndrome: relation to low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 6014-6021. 10.1210/jc.2005-1002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moran LJ, Noakes M, Clifton PM, Wittert GA, Belobrajdic DP, Norman RJ: C-reactive protein before and after weight loss in overweight women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007, 92: 2944-2951. 10.1210/jc.2006-2336.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Esposito K, Pontillo A, Di Palo C, Giugliano G, Masella M, Marfella R, Giugliano D: Effect of weight loss and lifestyle changes on vascular inflammatory markers in obese women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003, 289: 1799-1804. 10.1001/jama.289.14.1799.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jakubowska J, Bohdanowicz-Pawlak A, Milewicz A, Szymczak J, Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Demissie M: Plasma cytokines in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, before and after metformin treatment. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2008, 24: 378-384. 10.1080/09513590802128968.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Caballero AE, Delgado A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Herrera AN, Castillo JL, Cabrera T, Gomez-Perez FJ, Rull JA: The differential effects of metformin on markers of endothelial activation and inflammation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 3943-8. 10.1210/jc.2004-0019.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tan BK, Adya R, Chen J, Farhatullah S, Heutling D, Mitchell D, Lehnert H, Randeva HS: Metformin decreases angiogenesis via NF-kappaB and Erk1/2/Erk5 pathways by increasing the antiangiogenic thrombospondin-1. Cardiovasc Res. 2009, 83: 566-74. 10.1093/cvr/cvp131.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lacut K, Oger E, Le Gal G, Blouch MT, Abgrall JF, Kerlan V, Scarabin PY, Mottier D, SARAH Investigators: Differential effects of oral and transdermal postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapies on C-reactive protein. Thromb Haemost. 2003, 90: 124-131.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Puder JJ, Freda PU, Goland RS, Wardlaw SL: Estrogen modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and inflammatory cytokine responses to endotoxin in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001, 86: 2403-8. 10.1210/jc.86.6.2403.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Haarala A, Eklund C, Pessi T, Lehtimäki T, Huupponen R, Jula A, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Hurme M: Use of combined oral contraceptives alters metabolic determinants and genetic regulation of C-reactive protein. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2009, 69: 168-174.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lowe GD, Upton MN, Rumley A, McConnachie A, O'Reilly DS, Watt GC: Different effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapies on factor IX, APC resistance, t-PA, PAI and C-reactive protein–a cross-sectional population survey. Thromb Haemost. 2001, 86: 550-6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yang L, Wang L, Lin HK, Kan PY, Xie S, Tsai MY, Wang PH, Chen YT, Chang C: Interleukin-6 differentially regulates androgen receptor transactivation via PI3K-Akt, STAT3, and MAPK, three distinct signal pathways in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003, 305: 462-9. 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00792-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fasshauer M, Kralisch S, Klier M, Lossner U, Bluher M, Klein J, Paschke R: Adiponectin gene expression and secretion is inhibited by interleukin-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003, 301: 1045-50. 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00090-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hansen PR, Rieneck K, Bendtzen K: Spironolactone inhibits production of proinflammatory cytokines by human mononuclear cells. Immunol Lett. 2004, 91: 87-91. 10.1016/j.imlet.2003.11.008.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ibanez L, Valls C, de Zegher F: Discontinuous low-dose flutamide-metformin plus an oral or a transdermal contraceptive in patients with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism: normalizing effects on CRP, TNF-alpha and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Hum Reprod. 2006, 21: 451-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar