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  1. The association between the Mediterranean diet (MED) or dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is well-documented. Nevertheless, a consistent relationship wi...

    Authors: Monireh Panbehkar-Jouybari, Mehdi Mollahosseini, Amin Salehi-Abargouei, Hossein Fallahzadeh, Masoud Mirzaei and Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:192

    Content type: Research

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  2. Nivolumab is an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody, typically used as cancer immunotherapy agent. Despite multiple clinical benefits it might cause autoimmune-related side-effects, often involving t...

    Authors: Sofia Antoniou, Georgios Bazazo, Ludwig Röckl, Marios Papadakis and Christian Berg

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:191

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Toy slime is popular in Korea, and in parallel, pre-pubertal girls visit hospitals for early pubertal signs. Thus far, numerous studies have investigated the association of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs...

    Authors: Mi Seon Lee, Gi Min Lee, Cheol Woo Ko and Jung Eun Moon

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:190

    Content type: Research

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  4. The long-term association between physical activity and endothelial function has not previously been investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between phys...

    Authors: Jonathan Mathias Baier, Kristian Løkke Funck, Liv Vernstrøm, Esben Laugesen and Per Løgstrup Poulsen

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:189

    Content type: Research

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  5. We aimed to examine the associations between the risk of decreased renal function, obesity, and weight changes in Korean type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function.

    Authors: Bo-Yeon Kim, Dug-Hyun Choi, Chan-Hee Jung, Ji-Oh Mok and Chul-Hee Kim

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:188

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Double Diabetes (DD), type 1 diabetes (T1DM) + insulin resistance (IR), is associated with increased risk of micro/macro-vascular complications and mortality. Obesity can contribute to the development of DD. T...

    Authors: Nathan WP Cantley, Kathryn Lonnen, Ioannis Kyrou, Abd A Tahrani and Hassan Kahal

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:187

    Content type: Research

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  7. Regarding the inconclusive results of previous investigations, this study aimed to determine the association between pathology, as a possible predictor, with remission outcomes, to know the role of pathology i...

    Authors: Maryam Dehghani, Zahra Davoodi, Farahnaz Bidari, Amin Momeni Moghaddam, Davood Khalili, Hooman Bahrami-Motlagh, Elena Jamali, Shahram Alamdari, Farhad Hosseinpanah, Mehdi Hedayati and Majid Valizadeh

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:186

    Content type: Research

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  8. Cushing’s disease (CD) is defined as hypercortisolemia caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas (corticotroph PA) that afflicts humans and dogs. In order to map common aberrant...

    Authors: Andrew Wang, Stewart G. Neill, Scott Newman, Marianna A. Tryfonidou, Adriana Ioachimescu, Michael R. Rossi, Björn P. Meij and Nelson M. Oyesiku

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:185

    Content type: Research article

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  9. There is no clear conclusion on the relationship between thyroid disease and obesity and lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking. In this study, we analysed the association of body mass index (BMI), smo...

    Authors: Xiao Chen, Juan-juan Wang, Li Yu, Han-yu Wang and Hui Sun

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:184

    Content type: Research

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  10. The development of obesity is most likely due to a combination of biological and environmental factors some of which might still be unidentified. We used a machine learning technique to examine the relative im...

    Authors: Gudrún Höskuldsdóttir, My Engström, Araz Rawshani, Ville Wallenius, Frida Lenér, Lars Fändriks, Karin Mossberg and Björn Eliasson

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:183

    Content type: Research

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  11. Obesity is associated with the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and contributes substantially to metabolic abnormalities in women with PCOS. The study aimed to describe and compare the practices...

    Authors: Ruilin Ma, Ying Zou, Wei Wang, Qingmei Zheng, Ying Feng, Han Dong, Zhangyun Tan, Xiaoqin Zeng, Yinqing Zhao, Yan Deng, Yanfang Wang and Aijun Sun

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:182

    Content type: Research article

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  12. In order to recommend the optimal type of exercise for type 2 diabetes prevention, different exercise interventions were compared with respect to their effects on glycemic control and insulin resistance.

    Authors: Li Huang, Yingjie Fang and Lijun Tang

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:181

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Tramadol is a synthetic opioid and poisoning is increasing around the world day by day. Various treatments are applied for tramadol poisoning. Due to the unknown effects of tramadol poisoning and some of its t...

    Authors: Samaneh Nakhaee, Khadijeh Farrokhfall, Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam, Masoumeh Askari, Alireza Amirabadizadeh, Mohsen Foadoddini and Omid Mehrpour

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:180

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Rash and cholestatic liver injury caused by methimazole (MMI) in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) and Graves’s disease (GD) are rarely reported, and there is a paucity of reports on the management of this co...

    Authors: Jinhui Zeng, Fangtao Luo, Zhihua Lin, Yinghong Chen, Xiaoyun Wang and Yuanhao Song

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:179

    Content type: Case report

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  15. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes, valsartan and α-lipoic acid alone or in combination has been used for the treatment of patients with DN. However, s...

    Authors: Fangfang Sun, Deqi Jiang and Juanjuan Cai

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:178

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secreting pituitary adenoma (TSHoma) with coexisting thyroid cancer is extremely rare, and proper treatment of both diseases may pose a unique clinical challenge. When TSHoma ...

    Authors: Jee Hee Yoon, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Sung Sun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim and Ho-Cheol Kang

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:177

    Content type: Case report

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  17. To explore the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its component and thyroid volume in Chinese adolescents, and to compare the detection rate of MetS under the three different diagnostic criteria.

    Authors: Yang Xiao, Jingjing Mao, Xiaodong Mao, Qifeng Wang, Xingjia Li, Guofang Chen, Ling Guo, Huaying Huang, Yiming Mu, Shuhang Xu and Chao Liu

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:176

    Content type: Research

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  18. To explore the prevalence and its associated metabolic factors of thyroid nodules (TNs) among subjects who participated in the physical examinations in Chongqing, China.

    Authors: Li Xu, Fanling Zeng, Yutong Wang, Ye Bai, Xuefeng Shan and Lingxi Kong

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:175

    Content type: Research

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  19. Several studies have investigated the association between dietary protein and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, there is no agreement on the type of dietary protein sources that might increase th...

    Authors: Monireh Aziz, Yahya Jalilpiran, Mehdi Nekouimehr, Shaahin Fattahi, Pari Mokhtari, Ahmad Jayedi, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad and Khadijeh Mirzaei

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:174

    Content type: Research

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  20. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a profoundly effective operation for severe obese patients, but is closely associated with bone mass loss. Previous studies have reported changes of various serum factors which may b...

    Authors: Ying Xue, Ran Li, Yong Zhao, Ling Li and Yun Zhou

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:173

    Content type: Research

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  21. The Mauriac syndrome was described in 1930 as a peculiar combination of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 1, stunted growth and glycogenic hepatopathy. More recently, lactic acidosis was recognized as a...

    Authors: Brice Touilloux, Henri Lu, Belinda Campos-Xavier, Andrea Superti-Furga, Michael Hauschild, Thérèse Bouthors and Christel Tran

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:172

    Content type: Case report

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  22. The contribution of vitamin D to thyroid disorders has received paramount attention; however, results are mixed. Hence, we designed a systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain a definitive conclusion.

    Authors: Sorour Taheriniya, Arman Arab, Amir Hadi, Abdulmannan Fadel and Gholamreza Askari

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:171

    Content type: Research article

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  23. The occurrence of hypomagnesemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been noted previously; however, the association of hypomagnesemia and severity of primary hyperparathyroidism remains un...

    Authors: Ding Na, Guo Tao, Liu Shu-Ying, Wang Qin-Yi, Qu Xiao-Li, Li Yong-Fang, Ou Yang-Na, Sheng Zhi-Feng and Yang Yan-Yi

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:170

    Content type: Research

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  24. Fibroadenoma (FA) is the most common benign solid breast mass in women, with no definite method of management. Because fibroadenoma is dependent on female sex hormones and comprises hypertrophic changes at cel...

    Authors: Sadaf Alipour, Mahboubeh Abedi, Azin Saberi, Arezoo Maleki-Hajiagha, Firoozeh Faiz, Saeed Shahsavari and Bita Eslami

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:169

    Content type: Research

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  25. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor and local infiltrate lymphocytes have been considered as major pathological factors for developing thyroid-related ophthalmopathy. Overexpression of insulin-like grow...

    Authors: Shimpei Iwata, Kenji Tsumura, Kenji Ashida, Ichiro Tokubuchi, Mutsuyuki Demiya, Miyuki Kitamura, Hiroyuki Ohshima, Mamiko Yano, Ayako Nagayama, Junichi Yasuda, Munehisa Tsuruta, Seiichi Motomura, Shigeo Yoshida and Masatoshi Nomura

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:168

    Content type: Case report

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  26. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a hip disorder frequently occurring in adolescence. In adults it is rare and so far very few cases have been documented.

    Authors: Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj, Waldemar Woźniak, Jakub Naczk, Mateusz Pochylski, Jacek Kruczyński, Bartłomiej Budny, Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska and Marek Ruchała

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:167

    Content type: Case report

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  27. Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease whose main cause is mutations in the WFS1 and CISD2 genes. Its characteristic clinical manifestations are diabetes insipidus, diabetes melli...

    Authors: Ziyu Ren, Jixiu Yi, Min Zhong, Yunting Wang, Qicong Liu, Xuan Wang, Dongfang Liu and Wei Ren

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:166

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Betel-nut consumption is the fourth most common addictive habit globally and there is good evidence linking the habit to obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of our pilot study wa...

    Authors: Shirleny R Cardosa, B. William Ogunkolade, Rob Lowe, Emanuel Savage, Charles A Mein, Barbara J Boucher and Graham A Hitman

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:165

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Multiple endocrine

    Authors: Yoshiro Fushimi, Shinji Kamei, Fuminori Tatsumi, Junpei Sanada, Masashi Shimoda, Tomohiko Kimura, Atsushi Obata, Shuhei Nakanishi, Kohei Kaku, Tomoatsu Mune and Hideaki Kaneto

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:164

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  30. Various adrenal disorders including primary aldosteronism and Cushing’s syndrome lead to the cause of hypertension. Although primary aldosteronism is sometimes complicated with preclinical Cushing’s syndrome, ...

    Authors: Yoshiro Fushimi, Fuminori Tatsumi, Junpei Sanada, Masashi Shimoda, Shinji Kamei, Shuhei Nakanishi, Kohei Kaku, Tomoatsu Mune and Hideaki Kaneto

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:163

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  31. The relationship between vitamin D (VitD) and insulin sensitivity and secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has been shown to be different amongst different ethnic populations. In Saudi Arabia, where bot...

    Authors: Shatha Alharazy, Eman Alissa, Susan Lanham-New, Muhammad Imran Naseer, Adeel G. Chaudhary and M Denise Robertson

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:162

    Content type: Research

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  32. In contrast to all prior AJCC/TNM classifications for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) the 8th edition does not take minimal extrathyroidal extension (M-ETE) into consideration for local tumor staging. We t...

    Authors: Manuel Weber, Ina Binse, Karin Oebbecke, Tim Brandenburg, Ken Herrmann, Sarah Theurer, Frank Weber, Ann-Kathrin Ehrlich, Kurt Werner Schmid, Dagmar Führer-Sakel, Irfan Vardarli, Wolfgang P. Fendler, Elena Gilman and Rainer Görges

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:161

    Content type: Research article

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  33. The role of radiotherapy in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is confined to patients in whom surgical treatment or the administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are not possible or contraindicated...

    Authors: Aleksandra Kukulska, Jolanta Krajewska, Zofia Kołosza, Aleksandra Grządziel, Mateusz Gajek, Ewa Paliczka-Cieślik, Dorota Syguła, Kornelia Ficek, Aneta Kluczewska-Gałka and Barbara Jarząb

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:160

    Content type: Research

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  34. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of death worldwide. A large number of deaths due to ASCVD occurs among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). One of the important modifiable risk f...

    Authors: Lebohang Pitso, Thabiso Rafaki Petrus Mofokeng and Riette Nel

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:159

    Content type: Research

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  36. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Delta-like ligand-4 (DLL4) maintains the normal physiological microenvironment of the retina...

    Authors: Yan Zhu, Jingcheng Hu, Xuan Du, Qionglei Fang, Yingyi Zhou and Ke Chen

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:157

    Content type: Research

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  37. Despite the increased fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD) is variable in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus. We aimed at comparing independent BMD predictors in T1D, T2D and control subjects...

    Authors: Stefana Catalina Bilha, Letitia Leustean, Cristina Preda, Dumitru D. Branisteanu, Laura Mihalache and Maria-Christina Ungureanu

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:156

    Content type: Research

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  38. Despite strong evidence demonstrating the role of estrogen as a protective factor for kidney function in women, limited data are available regarding the influence of endogenous estrogen exposure (EEE) on chron...

    Authors: Maryam Farahmand, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Davood Khalili, Leila Cheraghi and Fereidoun Azizi

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:155

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare monogenic inherited disease caused by mutations of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE). The three major components of this syndrome are chronic mucoc...

    Authors: JiaQi Chen, Ting Lu, ChenXiao Liu, Yun Zhao, AiJie Huang, XingNa Hu, Min Li, Rong Xiang, Min Feng and HongHong Lu

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:154

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  40. Family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like) member A5 (FAM19A5) is a newly identified adipokine. There is a limited number of studies linking FAM19A5 to metabolic disorders. In the current ...

    Authors: Fatemeh Ali Yari, Parisa Shabani, Sara Karami, Negar Sarmadi, Hossein Poustchi and Ahmad Reza Bandegi

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:153

    Content type: Research article

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  41. The present work investigated serum levels of miR-29a, miR-122 and sestrin2 in obese children with/without type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and their correlations with inflammatory, metabolic and anthropometri...

    Authors: Khalid M. Mohany, Osamah Al Rugaie, Osama Al-Wutayd and Abdullah Al-Nafeesah

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:152

    Content type: Research

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  42. Autoantibodies to β-cell specific antigens are markers of type 1 diabetes. The most recently identified autoantibodies are targeted to the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) protein located in the membrane of β-cell in...

    Authors: Sureka Bhola, Eleanor M Cave, Sindeep Bhana, Nigel J Crowther and Carolyn J Padoa

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:151

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  43. Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation (TAF) is a recognized significant complication of hyperthyroidism. Early identification of the individuals predisposed to TAF would improve thyrotoxic patients’ management. Howev...

    Authors: Daria Aleksandrovna Ponomartseva, Ilia Vladislavovich Derevitskii, Sergey Valerevich Kovalchuk and Alina Yurevna Babenko

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:150

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  44. Aldosterone (Ald) is a crucial factor in maintaining electrolyte and water homeostasis. Defect in either its synthesis or function causes salt wasting (SW) manifestation. This disease group is rare, while most...

    Authors: Melati Wijaya, Huamei Ma, Jun Zhang, Minlian Du, Yanhong Li, Qiuli Chen and Song Guo

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:149

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  45. Recent researches suggest that the CD160/HVEM/LIGHT/BTLA signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogeneses of autoimmune diseases, but the relationship between CD160 polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid dis...

    Authors: Weiwei He, Jing Zhao, Xuerong Liu, Sheli Li, Kaida Mu, Jing Zhang and Jin-an Zhang

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:148

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. An effective strategy for weight loss in patients who are overweight or obese is to reduce body fat mass while maintaining skeletal muscle mass. Adiponectin and myostatin are affected through changes in body c...

    Authors: Nana Takao, Satoshi Kurose, Takumi Miyauchi, Katsuko Onishi, Atsuko Tamanoi, Ryota Tsuyuguchi, Aya Fujii, Sawako Yoshiuchi, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Hiromi Tsutsumi and Yutaka Kimura

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:147

    Content type: Research

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  47. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that 1.1 million children and adolescents aged 14–19 years are living with diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated l...

    Authors: Pradeep Kumar, Shobhit Srivastava, Prem Shankar Mishra and E. T. Krishnan Mooss

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:146

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Vaginal paraganglioma are rare, atypical, solitary tumors which originate from the female genital tract. Sacrococcygeal teratoma are also rare neoplasms which derive from one (or more) primordial germ cell lay...

    Authors: Zhan Wang, Hua Fan, Jinghua Fan, Samuel Seery, Wenda Wang and Yushi Zhang

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:145

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  49. Although obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), has been associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation and more severe course of illness in Covid-19 positive patients amongst the British population, it ...

    Authors: Kiran H. K. Patel, Xinyang Li, Jennifer K. Quint, James S. Ware, Nicholas S. Peters and Fu Siong Ng

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:144

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a cause of multiple complications, including retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. These complications are well understood and believed to contribute to gait instability. Poor balance...

    Authors: Artur Stolarczyk, Igor Jarzemski, Bartosz M. Maciąg, Kuba Radzimowski, Maciej Świercz and Magda Stolarczyk

    Citation: BMC Endocrine Disorders 2021 21:143

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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