Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics at admission, and in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19

 Age (years)

64.0 (52.0–71.0)

64.0 (47.0–69.5)

66.0 (58.0–72.0)

2.0

2.530

0.011

 Sex

0.175

0.676

  Male

115 (49.4%)

74 (48.4%)

41 (51.3%)

2.9%

  Female

118 (50.6%)

79 (51.6%)

39 (48.7%)

−2.9%

  Hypertension

90 (38.6%)

47 (30.7%)

43 (53.8%)

23.1%

11.754

0.001

  Coronary artery disease

26 (11.1%)

12 (7.8%)

14 (17.5%)

9.7%

4.942

0.026

  Cerebrovascular disease

12 (5.2%)

5 (3.3%)

7 (8.8%)

5.5%

3.232

0.072

  Chronic pulmonary disease

20 (8.6%)

12 (7.8%)

8 (10.0%)

2.2%

0.311

0.577

 qSOFA score

0 (0–1)

0 (0–1)

1 (0–1)

1

1.632

0.103

  Systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg

15 (6.4%)

8 (5.2%)

7 (8.8%)

3.6%

1.081

0.298

  Respiratory rate ≥ 22 breaths per min

102 (43.8%)

63 (41.2%)

39 (48.8%)

7.6%

1.224

0.269

  Altered mentation

6 (2.6%)

2 (1.3%)

4 (5.0%)

3.7%

–

0.185

18.644

<  0.001

  Moderate

115 (49.4%)

89 (58.2%)

26 (32.5%)

−25.7%

  Severe

95 (40.8%)

56 (36.6%)

39 (48.8%)

12.2%

  Critical

23 (9.9%)

8 (5.2%)

15 (18.8%)

13.6%

 White blood cell count (× 10⁹/L)

5.3 (4.3–7.2)

5.1 (4.1–6.2)

6.1 (4.9–9.1)

1.0

3.809

<  0.001

 Lymphocyte count (× 10⁹/L)

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

1.1 (0.7–1.5)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

−0.2

2.100

0.036

 Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)

21 (14–39)

20 (14–36)

24 (16–43)

4

1.492

0.136

 Creatinine (μmol/L)

70 (57–85)

68 (55–82)

76 (61–94)

8

2.223

0.026

 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.8 (5.3–7.1)

5.5 (5.1–6.1)

7.5 (6.3–11.2)

2.0

8.527

<  0.001

 HbA1c (%)^a

6.4 (5.9–7.3)

6.0 (5.7–6.2)

7.2 (6.6–8.6)

1.2

9.563

<  0.001

 HbA1c (mmol/mol) ^a

46 (41–56)

42 (39–44)

55 (49–70)

13

9.563

<  0.001

 Interleukin-6 ≥ 13.26 pg/mL^b

114/228 (50.0%)

69/148 (46.6%)

45/80 (56.3%)

9.7%

1.926

0.165

 D-dimer ≥1 μg/mL^b

114/229 (49.8%)

63/149 (42.3%)

51/80 (63.7%)

21.4%

9.596

0.002

In-hospital death

27 (11.6%)

9 (5.9%)

18 (22.5%)

16.6%

14.159

<  0.001