Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Baseline characteristics | Primary aldosteronism (n = 7) | Non-primary hyperaldosteronism (n = 29) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 5 (71.4) | 20 (68.9) | 0.899 |
Age, mean ± SD (years) | 46.2 ± 16.1 | 29.8 ± 7.8 | < 0.005 |
Body mass index, mean ± SD (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 1.6 | 30.9 ± 6.0 | 0.193 |
Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 143.5 ± 5.4 | 139.6 ± 2.8 | 0.537 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 93.1 ± 11.9 | 87.1 ± 21.1 | 0.479 |
Underlying disease, n (%) - Diabetes mellitus - Stroke - Atrial fibrillation - Dyslipidemia | 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (14.3) 3 (42.8) | 3 (10.3) 1 (3.5) 1 (3.4) 10 (34.5) | 0.374 0.618 0.261 0.679 |
Smoker, n (%) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (6.9) | 0.101 |
Duration of hypertension, median (IQR) (months) | 36 (6, 120) | 12 (7, 36) | 0.149 |
Indication for testing, n (%) - Hypokalemia | 4 (57.1) | 2 (6.9) | < 0.005 |
- Hypertension in the young | 3 (42.8) | 26 (89.6) | 0.005 |
- Adrenal incidentaloma | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0.039 |
- Uncontrolled hypertension | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0.039 |
- Obstructive sleep apnea | 0 (0) | 5 (17.2) | 0.236 |
Potassium level, mean ± SD (mEq/L) | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 0.830 |
PAC, median (IQR) (ng/dL) | 17.6 (10.4, 24.9) | 9.9 (6.1, 14.9) | 0.056 |
PRA, median (IQR) (ng/mL/hr) | 0.2 (0.06, 0.77) | 0.8 (0.38, 1.61) | 0.206 |
Ratio of PAC to PRA, median (IQR) (ng/dL per ng/(mL·hr)) | 52.4 (28.4, 500.3) | 28.1 (21.9, 35.8) | < 0.005 |
Plasma aldosterone concentration before and after 1 µg ACTH stimulation test | |||
PAC 0 min, median (IQR) | 17.6 (10.4, 24.9) | 10.2 (6.3, 13.8) | 0.120 |
PAC 20 min, median (IQR) | 55.3 (37.6, 90.4) | 24.9 (18.8, 33.6) | < 0.005 |
PAC 40 min, median (IQR) | 50.9 (44.3, 97.2) | 26.1 (18.6, 33.3) | < 0.005 |
Cortisol 0 min, median (IQR) | 8.1 (7.2, 9.7) | 11.2 (9.2, 14.6) | 0.010 |
Cortisol 20 min, median (IQR) | 18.6 (17, 21.7) | 21.2 (19.4, 24) | 0.104 |
Cortisol 40 min, median (IQR) | 21.7 (18.7, 24) | 23.2 (20.9, 26) | 0.304 |
Maximum PAC, median (IQR) | 58.0 (54.1, 97.2) | 26.8 (20.3, 35.2) | 0.014 |
Maximum cortisol, median (IQR) | 21.7 (18.7, 24) | 23.5 (21, 26) | 0.064 |
Maximum PAC/cortisol, median (IQR) | 3.8 (1.9, 5.1) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | < 0.005 |
20-minute delta PAC | 39.8 (27.2, 43.9) | 14.4 (11.1, 19.8) | < 0.005 |
40-minute delta PAC | 39.5 (22.0, 60.2) | 15.0 (10.1, 19.4) | < 0.005 |