Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Patients with New-onset Fulminant T1D and Classic T1D admitted with Index DKA episode
Baseline characteristics | Fulminant T1D (N = 6) | Classic T1D (N = 236) |
|---|---|---|
Age, years | 4 (3–16) | 15 (7–25) |
Gender | ||
Male Female | 3 (50%) 3 (50%) | 136 (57.6%) 100 (42.2%) |
Ethnicity | ||
Arabs Asian Others | 5 (83.3%%) 1 (16.7%) 0 | 167 (70.7%) 42 (17.7%) 27 (11.4%) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 17.7 (16.4–19.9) | 20.1 (15.6–24.5) |
Anti GAD Ab, IU/mL | 160 (18.9–431) | 199 (42-1407) |
C-peptide (1.1–4.4 ng/ml) | 0.11 ± 0.09 | 0.53 ± 0.45 |
Glucose at admission, mmol/L | 24.7 (21.8–29.6) | 26.4 (20-31.7) |
HbA1c at admission (< 6.5%) | 8.05 (7.5–8.2) | 11.8 (10.7–13.3) |
Lipase (13–60 U/L) | 12 (10–75) | 27 (17–70) |
Alkaline Phosphatase | 300 (189.5-342.5) | 246 (132–351) |
AST (0–32 U/L) | 27.5 (18.5–78) | 21 (16–27) |
ALT (0–33 U/L) | 27.5 (21.5–70) | 20 (15–27) |
WBC admission (4–10 × 103/uL) | 22.3 (12.8–22.7) | 10.6 (7.6–14.5) |
CrCL at admission (ml/min) | 52.7 (43-80.1) | 87.2 (63.8-126.6) |
BHB at admission (0.03–0.3 mmol/L) | 4.5 (4.4–6.7) | 6 (5.1–7.2) |
Lactate at admission (0.5–2.2 mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2 ± 2.8 |
Serum pH at admission | 7.11 ± 0.1 | 7.14 ± 0.12 |
Bicarbonate at admission (22–29 mmol/L) | 7.95 ± 3.4 | 9.2 ± 4.2 |
Anion Gap at admission (< 10) | 25.6 (23.4–27.2) | 24.1 (20-27.7) |
Length of stay, Days | 1 (1-2.2) | 2.5 (1-3.9) |
DKA duration, Hours | 11.25 (11–15) | 15.4 (11–23) |
DKA severity | ||
Mild Moderate Severe | 0 5 (83.3%) 1 (16.7%) | 60 (25.4%) 143 (60.6%) 33 (14%) |
In-hospital mortality | 0 | 2 (0.8%) |
Need for admission to ICU | 4 (66.6%) | 90 (38.1%) |
LOS in ICU | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 13.6 |
DKA recurrence | ||
6-month 12-month | 1 (16.7%) 0 | 15 (6.4%) 12 (5.1%) |
90-day readmission | 1 (16.7%) | 33 (14%) |
Follow up data | ||
HBA1C (< 6.5%) CrCL (ml/min) CrCL < 60 DM retinopathy | 8.8 (7.2–12.8) 143.6 (124.5-178.5) 0 0 | 9.7 (8–12) 160.1 (126.7-210.4) 2 (0.8%) 7 (3%) |