Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population are summarized according to sex group

No of subjects

6451

5354

Age, years

42.00 (37.00–49.00)

41.00 (36.00–49.00)

0.843

Weight, kg

51.60 (47.20–56.70)

66.40 (60.60–73.10)

< 0.001

Height, m

1.58 (0.05)

1.71 (0.06)

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

21.03 (2.95)

23.10 (3.09)

< 0.001

WC, cm

71.66 (8.11)

80.32 (8.10)

< 0.001

WWI

9.89 (0.68)

9.80 (0.51)

< 0.001

ALT, IU/L

14.00 (11.00–17.00)

20.00 (15.25–29.00)

< 0.001

AST, IU/L

16.00 (13.00–19.00)

18.00 (15.00–23.00)

< 0.001

GGT, IU/L

12.00 (10.00–14.00)

18.00 (14.00–25.00)

< 0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.60 (1.37–1.86)

1.22 (1.03–1.45)

< 0.001

TC, mmol/L

5.09 (0.88)

5.16 (0.86)

< 0.001

TG, mmol/L

0.56 (0.40–0.81)

0.91 (0.63–1.37)

< 0.001

HbA1c, %

5.19 (0.32)

5.19 (0.32)

0.639

FPG, mmol/L

5.15 (0.41)

5.20 (0.41)

< 0.001

SBP, mmHg

114.28 (14.87)

115.40 (14.74)

< 0.001

DBP, mmHg

71.43 (10.36)

72.28 (10.27)

< 0.001

Exercise habits

1018 (15.78%)

955 (17.84%)

0.003

Smoking status

< 0.001

 non

5750 (89.13%)

2157 (40.29%)

 Former

354 (5.49%)

1458 (27.23%)

 Current

347 (5.38%)

1739 (32.48%)

NAFLD

465 (7.21%)

1623 (30.31%)

< 0.001