Table 3 Comparison of the clinico-laboratory and CGM data of the studied children with T1DM on insulin pump before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

Weight z-score

 Median (IQR)

-0.3 (-0.75–0.67)

-0.31 (-0.79–0.61)

-0.131^c

0.896

 Range

-1.45–2.26

-1.5–2.28

Height z-score

 Median (IQR)

0.1 (-0.77–0.53)

0.04 (-0.82–0.52)

-1.857^c

0.063

 Range

-2.59–2.35

-2.3–2.31

BMI z-score

 Median (IQR)

-0.03 (-0.69–0.69)

-0.19 (-0.62–0.64)

-1.369^c

0.171

 Range

-2.51–2.54

-2.49–2.89

Insulin dose (unit/Kg/day)

 Mean ± SD

0.83 ± 0.28

0.88 ± 0.30

3.757^b

0.001

 Range

0.5–1.7

0.5–1.8

Basal percentage (%)

 Mean ± SD

51.19 ± 3.46

52.74 ± 4.31

2.680^b

0.011

 Range

45–60

50–60

ICR

 Median (IQR)

15 (10–20)

15 (10–20)

-1.300^c

0.194

 Range

8–30

8–50

ISF

 Median (IQR)

57.5 (40–90)

52.5 (40–80)

-0.052^c

0.959

 Range

20–150

20–150

Insulin pump problems

 Negative

17 (40.5%)

13 (31.0%)

0.830^a

0.362

 Positive

25 (59.5%)

29 (69.0%)

DKA /year

 Positive

21 (50%)

6 (14.3%)

12.104^c

0.007

Frequency of hypoglycemia/ week

 Median (IQR)

3 (3–3)

3 (2–3)

-2.858^a

0.004

 Range

0–7

0–7

Frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia/ week

 Median (IQR)

2 (2–4)

2 (1–3)

1.340

0.180

 Range

1–5

1–4

Time above range (%)

 Median (IQR)

41 (31–47)

39 (30.5–45)

0.506^c

0.613

 Range

13–75

10–86

 < 25

6 (14.3%)

8 (19.0%)

0.343^a

0.558

 ≥ 25

36 (85.7%)

34 (81.0%)

Time in range (%)

 Median (IQR)

53 (47–61)

57.0 (51–73)

2.105^c

0.035

 Range

19–83

12–80

 < 70

35 (83.3%)

24 (57.1%)

6.891^a

0.009

 ≥ 70

7 (16.7%)

18 (42.9%)

Time below range (%)

 Median (IQR)

6 (2–8)

3 (1–11)

0.330^c

0.742

 Range

0–24

0–16

 < 5

18 (42.9%)

18 (42.9%)

0.000^a

1.000

 ≥ 5

24 (57.1%)

24 (57.1%)

Coefficient of variation (%)

 Mean ± SD

42.10 ± 9.90

38.20 ± 8.12

-2.174^b

0.036

 Range

20.3–77.4

23.3–54.4

 < 36

8 (19.0%)

22 (47.6%)

10.163^a

0.001

 ≥ 36

34 (81.0%)

20 (52.4%)

HbA1C (mg/dl)

 Mean ± SD

8.8 ± 1.3

7.8 ± 1.2

4.263^b

0.001

 Range

6–11.5

4.9–11.3

HbA1C (mmol/mol)

 Mean ± SD

72.31 ± 16.78

61.31 ± 16.62

 Range

42– 102

30–100