Table 2 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Year | Study methods | Region | Behavior assessed | Measurement tool |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afaya et al. [23] | 2020 | Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Sampling strategy: Consecutive Sample size: 330 | Northern Region | Diet, exercise, SMBG, foot care, medication | Summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA) & Medication adherence questionnaire (MAQ) |
Amankwah-poku et al. [24] | 2020 | Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Sampling strategy: Convenience Sample size: 162 | Greater Accra Region | Diet, exercise, medication | Summary of diabetes self − care activity scale (DSCA) |
Bruce et al. [25] | 2015 | Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Sampling strategy: Systematic random Sample size: 200 | Greater Accra Region | Medication | Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS) |
Doglikuu et al. [11] | 2021 | Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Sampling strategy: Systematic random Sample size: 530 | Brong Ahafo Region* | Diet | Perceived dietary adherence questionnaire (PDAQ) |
Doglikuu et al. [22] | 2021 | Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Sampling strategy: Systematic random Sample size: 530 | Brong Ahafo Region* | Exercise | WHO physical activity-short form questionnaires |
Kretchy et al. [ [16] | 2020 | Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Sampling strategy: simple random Sample size: 188 | Greater Accra Region | Medication | Medication adherence report scale (MARS) |
Kugbey et al. [26] | 2017 | Design: a cross-sectional survey Sampling strategy: Convenience Sample size: 160 | Greater Accra Region | Diet, exercise, SMBG, foot care, Medication | Self-care practices questionnaire |
Mogre et al. [27] | 2017 | Design: a cross-sectional survey Sampling strategy: Not reported Sample size: 187 | Northern Region | Diet, exercise, SMBG, foot care | Summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA) |
Osei-yeboah et al. [8] | 2018 | Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Sampling strategy: Purposive Sample size: 150 | Volta Region | Medication | Morisky, Green, and Levine Adherence Scale (MGLS) |
Owiredua et al. [28] | 2018 | Design: cross-sectional exploratory Sampling strategy: Purposive & convenience Sample size: 196 | Greater Accra Region | Medication | Medication adherence report scale (MARS-5) |
Sefah et al. [29] | 2020 | Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Sampling strategy: Random Sample size: 400 | Volta Region | Medication | Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) |
Nketia [30] | 2022 | Design: Descriptive cross-sectional Sampling strategy: Systematic random Sample size: 168 | Savannah Region | Medication, diet, physical activity | Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) & Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) |