Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants
Characteristic | NGT Group (Mean ± SEM) n = 190 | GDM Group (Mean ± SEM) n = 95 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 25.37 ± 0.47 | 27.67 ± 0.69 | 0.0058 |
Weight (kg) | 59.53 ± 1.01 | 63.53 ± 1.36 | 0.0194 |
Height (m) | 1.55 ± 0.01 | 1.56 ± 0.01 | 0.6151 |
BMI | 24.78 ± 0.44 | 26.29 ± 0.65 | 0.0622 |
FBS (mmol/L) | 4.22 ± 0.04 | 5.53 ± 0.11 | < 0.0001 |
OGTT 1st hour (mmol/L) | 6.64 ± 0.10 | 8.49 ± 0.24 | < 0.0001 |
OGTT 2nd hour (mmol/L) | 5.69 ± 0.08 | 7.69 ± 0.23 | < 0.0001 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.58 ± 0.13 | 5.87 ± 0.23 | 0.3453 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 3.46 ± 0.11 | 3.52 ± 0.21 | 0.8689 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.85 ± 0.03 | 2.01 ± 0.12 | 0.4035 |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.22 ± 0.11 | 2.39 ± 0.21 | 0.6691 |
VLDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.57 ± 0.05 | 1.60 ± 0.09 | 0.8668 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.10 ± 0.04 | 5.39 ± 0.10 | 0.0270 |
Insulin (uIU/mL) | 11.58 ± 1.73 | 32.40 ± 10.20 | 0.2237 |
HOMA-IR | 2.17 ± 0.32 | 7.82 ± 2.41 | 0.0004 |
Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 10.00 ± 0.08 | 8.92 ± 0.26 | 0.0198 |