Inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood are associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in adulthood in a general Japanese population: a cross-sectional analysis from the Hisayama Study

Table 2 Association of the score of parental care and overprotection with the presence of diabetes

	No. of diabetics	No. of participants	Age- and sex-adjusted		Multivariable-adjusted ^a)
	No. of diabetics	No. of participants	OR	(95%CI)	OR	(95%CI)
Father
Care
High	48	374	1.00	(Reference)	1.00	(Reference)
Low	58	336	1.28	(0.83–1.99)	1.27	(0.79–2.05)
Overprotection
Low	40	332	1.00	(Reference)	1.00	(Reference)
High	66	378	1.55	(1.00–2.40)*	1.71	(1.06–2.77)*
Mother
Care
High	44	370	1.00	(Reference)	1.00	(Reference)
Low	62	340	1.57	(1.02–2.42)*	1.61	(1.00–2.60)*
Overprotection
Low	39	344	1.00	(Reference)	1.00	(Reference)
High	67	366	1.69	(1.09–2.62)*	1.73	(1.08–2.80)*

Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
^* P < 0.05
^a) Adjusted for age, sex, paternal and maternal history of diabetes, marital status, educational level, subjective economic level, hypertension, serum total cholesterol, serum HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides, BMI, current smoking, current drinking, habitual exercise and serum cortisol

ISSN: 1472-6823