Table 1 Clinical features and baseline laboratory results of the cases at presentation

First Author (reference)

Yano et al. 2022 [11]

Bleve et al. 2022 [12]

Bleve et al. 2022 [12]

Sasaki et al. 2022 [13]

Sakurai et al. 2022 [14]

Sasaki et al. 2022

[15]

Tang et al. 2022 [16]

Patrizio et al. 2021 [17]

Aydoğan et al. 2022 [18]

Aydoğan et al. 2022 [18]

Aydoğan et al. 2022 [18]

Aydoğan et al. 2022 [18]

Country

Japan

Italy

Italy

Japan

Japan

Japan

China

Italy

Turkey

Turkey

Turkey

Turkey

Age (years)

51

57

61

73

36

45

50

52

56

48

27

36

Sex

F

F

F

F

F

F

M

M

M

M

F

M

BMI (kg/m²)

18.3

 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

20.6

18.1

N/A

27.4

21.9

20

22.8

Medical history

None

N/A

Acquired hypothyroidism

- Osteoporsis

- Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection

- Diet-controlled type 2 diabetes

None

Bronchial asthma

None

- Vitiligo

- T2DM for 8 years on oral agents

Vitiligo and Hashimoto thyroiditis

None

None

None

Family history

T2DM (father)

T2DM, vitiligo, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

N/A

None

None

N/A

T2DM (mother)

N/A

N/A

None

None

None

Type of vaccination

Moderna mRNA-1273

ChAdOx1-S

Pfizer-BioNTech

Moderna mRNA-1273

Pfizer-BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

CoronaVac

Pfizer-BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTec

Pfizer-BioNTec

Pfizer-BioNTec

Pfizer-BioNTec and CoronaVa

Duration from vaccination to symptoms onset (weeks)

4 (28 days)

1 (8 days)

Since receiving the 2nd dose of the vaccine

4

< 1 (3 days)

1 (6 days)

1 (6 days)

4

2 (15 days)

8

3

3

Dose after which the symptoms appeared

1st

1^s

2nd

2nd

1^s

1^s

1^s

2nd

2nd

2nd

2nd

4th

DKA at presentation

Yes

N/A

N/A

N/A

Yes

Yes

Yes

N/A

No

N/A

N/A

Yes

Triggers (e.g. steroids use, pancreatic disease, viruses)

No infection

No infection

N/A

N/A

No infection

No infection

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Laboratory findings

HbA1c (%) before vaccination (reference range)

5.6 (4.6–6.2)

N/A

N/A

> 7%

N/A

N/A

N/A

7%

5.9 (4.0-5.6)

5.6 (4.0-5.6)

N/A

N/A

HbA1c (%) at diagnosis (reference range)

10.3 (4.6–6.2)

10.4

11.5

9.3 (4.9–5.9)

7 (4.6–6.1)

7.6 (4.6–6.2)

“Near normal”

10.1% (4.6–6.1)

8.2 (4.0-5.6)

10.1 (4.0-5.6)

12.5 (4.0-5.6)

12.6 (4.0-5.6)

Anti-GAD antibodies presence

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Other antibodies presence

- Insulin autoantibodies

- TPOAb*

- Anti-IA2

- Anti-TransGlut IgA

TPOAb

Insulin autoantibodies

None

None

None

- TRAb^

- TgAb

- TPOAb

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

C-peptide (ng/mL) (refrence range)

0.4 (0.80–2.50)

N/A

N/A

0.54 (0.74–3.18)

0.35 (0.8–2.3)

0.33 (0.80–2.5)

Undetectable/Low levels

1.0 (1.0-3.5)

1.5 (1.1–4.4)

0.97 (1.1–4.4)

0.87 (1.1–4.4)

0.39 (1.1–4.4)

HLA-DNA typing (genetic susceptibility)

DRB1*09:01-DQB1*03:03

 N/A

N/A

DRB1 *04:05:01-DQB1*04:01:01

DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401

DRB1*04:05:01/ *13:02:01 and DQB1*04:01:01/*06/04:01

DQB1*02:03/ 03:03 and DRB1*09:01/09:01

 N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A