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Table 1 Basic characteristics of participants by weight-adjusted-waist index quartile

From: Associations between weight-adjusted waist index and bone mineral density: results of a nationwide survey

Characteristics

Weight-adjusted-waist index

P-value

Q1 (< 9.84)

N = 1,731

Q2 (9.84–10.55)

N = 1,730

Q3 (10.56–11.27)

N = 1,731

Q4 (> 11.27)

N = 1,731

Age (years)

36.86 ± 13.10

44.71 ± 14.65

50.96 ± 15.84

57.20 ± 16.88

< 0.001

Sex, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Male

55.42

53.08

46.60

33.48

 

 Female

44.58

46.92

53.40

66.52

 

Race/ethnicity, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Non-Hispanic White

69.64

68.82

67.90

68.86

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

14.03

9.49

9.32

8.58

 

 Mexican American

4.91

8.66

10.27

10.40

 

 Other race/multiracial

11.41

13.03

12.50

12.16

 

Education level, n (%)

    

< 0.001

 Less than high school

12.04

15.39

20.37

25.83

 

 High school

20.21

23.48

24.90

26.10

 

 More than high school

67.75

61.13

54.73

48.07

 

Smoking, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Ever

41.99

46.44

48.90

50.10

 

 Never

58.01

53.56

51.10

49.90

 

Diabetes, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

1.83

4.64

9.29

20.05

 

 No

98.17

95.36

90.71

79.95

 

Cancer, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

4.20

6.98

10.49

13.52

 

 No

95.80

93.02

89.51

86.48

 

High blood pressure, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

15.44

29.50

40.34

53.91

 

 No

84.56

70.50

59.66

46.09

 

Take prescription for cholesterol, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

1.53

4.60

8.86

13.59

 

 No

98.47

95.40

91.16

86.41

 

Hip fractured

    

< 0.001

 Yes

0.54

0.89

1.19

1.26

 

 No

99.46

99.11

98.81

98.74

 

Wrist fractured

    

0.027

 Yes

11.10

9.22

10.15

10.37

 

 No

88.90

90.78

89.85

89.63

 

Spine fractured

    

< 0.001

 Yes

1.78

1.77

2.57

2.71

 

 No

98.22

98.23

97.43

97.29

 

Use of hormone medication, (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

1.45

2.58

2.85

3.99

 

 No

98.55

97.42

97.15

96.01

 

BMI (kg/m2)

24.56 ± 4.35

27.66 ± 5.01

29.79 ± 5.66

32.85 ± 7.18

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

84.65 ± 10.07

95.45 ± 11.00

102.72 ± 12.00

112.42 ± 15.07

< 0.001

PIR

3.18 ± 1.65

3.15 ± 1.63

2.98 ± 1.64

2.57 ± 1.58

< 0.001

DII

1.01 ± 1.86

1.27 ± 1.81

1.47 ± 1.78

1.74 ± 1.75

< 0.001

Triglycerides (mg./dL)

106.40 ± 92.04

131.69 ± 101.96

147.06 ± 138.60

157.97 ± 140.90

< 0.001

LDL-C (mg/dL)

110.34 ± 33.20

119.28 ± 34.51

120.29 ± 37.35

117.02 ± 36.57

< 0.001

Lumbar BMD (g/cm2)

1.07 ± 0.15

1.03 ± 0.14

1.01 ± 0.15

1.00 ± 0.16

< 0.001

Pelvis BMD (g/cm2)

1.28 ± 0.18

1.29 ± 0.17

1.27 ± 0.17

1.21 ± 0.17

< 0.001

Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2)

0.86 ± 0.15

0.83 ± 0.15

0.81 ± 0.14

0.78 ± 0.15

 

Total BMD (g/cm2)

1.16 ± 0.11

1.14 ± 0.11

1.11 ± 0.11

1.08 ± 0.12

 
  1. Mean ± SD for continuous variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted linear regression model
  2. (%) for categorical variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted chi-square test
  3. Abbreviation:Q Quartile, PIR Ratio of family income to poverty, BMI Body mass index, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, DII Dietary inflammatory index, BMD Bone mineral density
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

ISSN: 1472-6823

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