Table 1 Baseline characteristics of T1D, and age and sex matched NG children and adolescents (age: 4–19 years)

N

296

148

Age (years)

11.9 (10.1, 14.6)

12.5 (10.1, 14.9)

0.41

Adolescent (10-19 years)

225 (76.0%)

113 (76.4%)

0.94

Female

173 (58.4%)

82 (55.4%)

0.54

BMI Percentile

70.5 (20.5, 94.5)

63.5 (31.0, 88.0)

0.42

Vitamin D (nmol/L)

34.9 (23.6, 50.5)

39.5 (30.6, 54.4)

0.0018

Vitamin D cut-offs

 Sufficient (> 50 nmol/L)

75 (25.3%)

47 (31.8%)

 < 0.001

 Insufficient (30-50 nmol/L)

101 (34.1%)

68 (45.9%)

 Deficient(< 30 nmol/L)

120 (40.5%)

33 (22.3%)

Vitamin D Medications

213 (72.0%)

122 (82.4%)

0.0156

HbA1c %

5.2 (5.0, 5.4)

9.5 (8.1, 10.8)

 < 0.001

BP Systolic (mmHg)

107.0 (100.0, 117.0)

107.0 (98.5, 116.0)

0.40

BP Diastolic (mmHg)

61.0 (57.0, 67.0)

63.0 (57.0, 68.0)

0.13