Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Author (date) | Country | Study Design | Means Age | Sample size | Trial Duration (Week) | Dose | Intervention | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention group | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | ||||||
Quasi-experimental studies | |||||||||
Norgren et al. (2003) | Sweden | BA | 7 to 12 | 11 | - | 12 | 120Â mg tid | Orlistat dietary information | - |
McDuffie et al. (2002) | United States | BA | 12 to 17 | 20 | - | 12 | 120 mg tid | -Orlistat -Fat soulable vitamins (5000 IU of vitamin A (80% as retinol acetate; 20% as -carotene), 400 IU of vitamin D (as ergocalciferol), 30 IU of vitamin E (as DL–tocopheryl acetate), and 25 g of vitamin K1 (as phytonadione) -Energy–restricted diet (500-kcaldeficit diet containing no more than 30% of calories from fat) -Exercise program (30 min of daily aerobic exercise and inclusion of lifestyle exercise whenever possible, monitored by pedometer readings) -Behavior modification (stimulus control and eating-management skills) | - |
McDuffie et al. (2004) | United States | BA | 12 to 17 | 20 | - | 24 | 120 mg tid | -Orlistat -Fat soulable vitamins (5000 IU of vitamin A (80% as retinol acetate; 20% as -carotene), 400 IU of vitamin D (as ergocalciferol), 30 IU of vitamin E (as DL–tocopheryl acetate), and 25 g of vitamin K1 (as phytonadione) -Energy–restricted diet (500-kcaldeficit diet containing no more than 30% of calories from fat) -Exercise program (30 min of daily aerobic exercise and inclusion of lifestyle exercise whenever possible, monitored by pedometer readings) -Behavior modification (stimulus control and eating-management skills) |  |
Randomized clinical trials | |||||||||
Ozkan et al. (2004) | Turkey | RCT | 10–16 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 120 mg tid | Orlistat diet (20% reduction in daily calories calculated for age and sex) exercise (at least 30 min of moderate exercise per day) daily oral multivitamin | diet (20% reduction in daily calories calculated for age and sex) exercise (at least 30 min of moderate exercise per day) daily oral multivitamin |
Yu et al. (2013) | Japan | RCT | 11 to 18 | 21 | 20 | 10 | 120 mg tid | Orlistat Dietary supervision (30% reduction in calorie intake based on dietary record. The menu, low in fat (25–30%), high in complex carbohydrate (55–65%) and sufficient in protein (15–20%) to support growth) Exercise (resistance training twice a week, with each session lasting 70 min. multivitamin (A Multivitamin supplement of fat soluble vitamins (5000 IU of vitamin A, 400 IU of vitamin D, 30 IU of vitamin E and 25 mg of vitamin K) | Dietary supervision (30% reduction in calorie intake based on dietary record. The menu, low in fat (25–30%), high in complex carbohydrate (55–65%) and sufficient in protein (15–20%) to support growth) Exercise (resistance training twice a week, with each session lasting 70 min. multivitamin (A Multivitamin supplement of fat soluble vitamins (5000 IU of vitamin A, 400 IU of vitamin D, 30 IU of vitamin E and 25 mg of vitamin K) |
Chanoine et al. (2005) | Canada and US | RCT | 12 to 16 | 352 | 181 | 52 | 120Â mg tid/ | -Orlistat -Hypocaloric diet (The caloric intake was calculated to provide a reduction in estimated caloric requirements of approximately 40%) -multivitamin -guidelines for diet exercise behavioral modification | Placebo and -hypocaloric diet (The caloric intake was calculated to provide a reduction in estimated caloric requirements of approximately 40%) -multivitamin -guidelines for diet exercise behavioral modification |
Maahs et al. (2006) | Mexico | RCT | 14 to 18 | 20 | 20 | 12 | 120Â mg tid /placebo | Orlistat Hypocaloric diet (subtracted 500 calories from expected calorie need calculated by Harris-Benedict equation) pediatric activity pyramid (at least 3 times per week for at least 30Â min) | Hypocaloric diet (subtracted 500 calories from expected calorie need calculated by Harris-Benedict equation) pediatric activity pyramid (at least 3 times per week for at least 30Â min) |