Effect of mastication evaluation and intervention on body composition and biochemical indices in female patients with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Changes in masticatory indices according to the food item consumed before and after 6 months of intervention

	Conventional treatment group			Mastication intervention group
Measurements	Baseline (n = 12)	After 6 months (n = 12)	p value	Baseline (n = 16)	After 6 months (n = 16)	p value
Chewing duration for salad (s)	325.6 (262.8–344.0)	402.0(269.3–493.3)	0.041*^,†	422.2 ± 140.4^§	499.8 ± 188.4	0.020*
Number of chews for salad (times)	326.3 ± 109.9	466.4 ± 204.9	0.056	432.3 ± 165.5	544.8 ± 243.5	0.023*
Chewing duration for rice ball (s)	230.8 ± 75.4	247.3 ± 79.8	0.289	242.7 ± 90.8	273.6 ± 79.1	0.040*
Number of chews for rice ball (times)	246.1 ± 99.3	283.7 ± 98.6	0.327	205.0 (166.0–336.3)	298.0(221.0-379.3)	0.006**^,†
Chewing duration for a donut (s)	167.5(145.3–191.0)	171.5(149.8–251.0)	0.367^†	186.8 ± 49.3	210.3 ± 67.5	0.114
Number of chews for a donut (times)	189.5 ± 82.7	202.8 ± 50.4	0.613	149.5 (119.8–215.5)	210.0(155.5–255.0)	0.011*^,†

^†Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or the median (in the 25–75% range)
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
§p < 0.05 vs. before the conventional treatment group

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