Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population across tertiles of the dietary patterns

Age (year)

42.84 ± 11.88

41.23 ± 10.96

43.38 ± 14.31

0.588

50.06 ± 12.74

39.67 ± 10.70

37.29 ± 9.69

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

72.77 ± 14.91

69.09 ± 11.96

71.29 ± 12.24

0.265

70.91 ± 13.80

73.07 ± 11.11

69.20 ± 14.12

0.241

Height (cm)

165.61 ± 8.62

162.88 ± 8.76

163.85 ± 10.1

0.220

162.57 ± 8.69

165.15 ± 9.43

164.71 ± 9.42

0.217

BMI (kg/m²)

26.57 ± 5.19

26.02 ± 4.06

26.65 ± 4.62

0.699

26.87 ± 5.11

26.92 ± 4.53

25.43 ± 4.09

0.108

SBP (mm/Hg)

130.19 ± 12.34

110.6 ± 1.31

130.26 ± 12.17

0.556

110.98 ± 1.71

130.29 ± 12.26

120.81 ± 12.43

0.745

DBP (mm/Hg)

70.61 ± 0.1

70.64 ± 0.91

80.68 ± 7.71

0.301

70.78 ± 0.9

80.75 ± 7.78

70.41 ± 0.84

0.215

TAC (nmol/mL)

7.49 ± 0.41

7.39 ± 0.31

7.45 ± 0.28

0.235

7.46 ± 0.32

7.39 ± 0.37

7.47 ± 0.33

0.351

MDA (nmol/mL)

4.67 ± 0.56

4.68 ± 0.66

4.68 ± 0.64

0.988

4.77 ± 0.6

4.57 ± 0.62

4.68 ± 0.63

0.189

CRP (mg/L)

1.08 ± 0.77

0.98 ± 0.71

1.03 ± 0.71

0.713

0.91 ± 0.8

1.02 ± 0.69

1.17 ± 0.67

0.118

Socioeconomic status

0.186

 High

 Moderate

 Low

28

23

16

22

35

10

23

25

18

23

27

19

23

28

14

27

28

11

0.639

Gender

0.135

0.920

 Female

 Male

45

22

55

12

50

16

39

12

40

12

36

12

Marital status

0.268

0.034

 Single

 Married

 Divorced

7

60

0

11

56

0

8

56

2

0

51

0

7

44

1

9

39

0

Education

 Under diploma

25

22

18

0.271

27

15

14

0.003

 Diploma

 Collegiate

26

16

19

26

22

26

14

10

22

15

16

18

History of disease

0.473

 No

 Yes

51

16

45

22

49

17

29

22

40

12

35

13

0.02

History of being on a diet

0.106

 No

 Yes

63

4

55

12

57

9

44

7

45

7

42

6

0.95

Drug use

0.411

 No

 Yes

43

24

47

20

39

27

21

30

38

14

32

16

0.001

Supplement use

0.099

 No

 Yes

45

22

33

34

36

30

25

26

32

20

29

19

0.574

Smoking

0.129

 No

 Yes

63

4

67

0

64

2

51

0

51

1

48

0

0.007

Alcohol

0.364

 No

 Yes

65

2

67

0

65

1

50

1

52

0

48

0

0.283

Total energy (kcal/d)

2969.03 ± 756.40

3170.04 ± 708.77

3669 ± 550.07

< 0.001

3181.63 ± 739.79

3102.14 ± 732.65

3519.704 ± 676.83

0.002

Protein (g/d)

62.16 ± 20.74

66.43 ± 23.10

70.86 ± 21.88

0.075

60.35 ± 20.41

60.6 ± 18.82

78.63 ± 22.08

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (g/d)

335.46 ± 97.26

361.97 ± 102.26

419.14 ± 92.16

< 0.001

368.52 ± 108.04

354.92 ± 105.29

392.32 ± 92.75

0.108

Fat (g/d)

145.25 ± 48.99

162.35 ± 47.97

194.61 ± 50.18

< 0.001

162.88 ± 52.57

157.32 ± 53.85

181.65 ± 50

0.021

Cholesterol (mg/d)

278.93 ± 282.05

297.34 ± 231.23

284.01 ± 241.64

0.91

159.95 ± 130.53

256.04 ± 230

449.63 ± 280.69

< 0.001

Saturated fatty acid (g/d)

30.97 ± 12.04

34.26 ± 10.14

39.75 ± 10.33

< 0.001

32.92 ± 9.96

32.59 ± 10.23

39.45 ± 12.69

< 0.001

Mono-unsaturated fatty acid

(g/d)

55.20 ± 20.26

62.04 ± 19.39

74.56 ± 22.04

< 0.001

63.37 ± 21.9

59.89 ± 21.86

68.36 ± 21.74

0.085

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (g/d)

42.82 ± 17.11

47.95 ± 16.43

58.93 ± 19.26

< 0.001

50.17 ± 19.29

47.08 ± 19.19

52.25 ± 17.75

0.287

Vitamin A (RAE) (µg/d)

1199.45 ± 1769.22

1157.61 ± 1066.38

1077.16 ± 581.85

0.847

868.09 ± 625.67

970.1 ± 739.82

1606.98 ± 1844.52

0.001

Vitamin D (µg/d)

0.1 ± 0.12

0.17 ± 0.2

0.18 ± 0.18

0.009

0.1 ± 0.13

0.1 ± 0.1

0.25 ± 0.23

< 0.001

Vitamin C (mg/d)

53.25 ± 25.76

76.78 ± 30.71

103.91 ± 36.13

< 0.001

70.82 ± 39

70.94 ± 31.92

92.01 ± 36.78

0.001

Zink (mg/d)

9.72 ± 3.89

10.66 ± 3.56

11.32 ± 3.52

0.043

9.74 ± 3.39

9.6 ± 3.41

12.37 ± 3.68

< 0.001

Iron (mg/d)

19.56 ± 12.85

18.66 ± 6.25

21.89 ± 16.24

0.307

20.18 ± 16.15

17.8 ± 6.21

22.06 ± 12.52

0.148

Selenium (µg/d)

114.64 ± 55.27

106.58 ± 50.47

103.1 ± 50.5

0.425

106.62 ± 50.43

100.94 ± 55.61

116.8 ± 49.74

0.211

Total fiber (g/d)

45.79 ± 31.08

36.79 ± 12.88

42.84 ± 12.33

0.04

39.53 ± 17.34

42.97 ± 28.59

43.03 ± 14.72

0.540