Table 2 Clinical profiles of the patient with invasive pituitary adenomas presenting with nasal bleeding
Authors | Age/gender | Visual loss | Other symptoms | Department | PRL | CT | MRI | Histopathologic evaluation with immunohistochemistry (IHC) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Van Der Mey AG et al., 1989 [9] | 54/M | N (A slight sixth nerve paresis of the left eye) | Frontal headache, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, impotent | The otolaryngology department | 582 to 820 μg/L (reference, < 12 μg/L) | A mass extending into the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, nasal cavity, and nasopharynx | The same tumor extension as CT | Prolactinoma | In good condition |
Van Der Mey AG et al., 1989 [9] | 34/M | Y (Hemianopsia and a slightly decreased visual acuity) | Nasal obstruction | NA | 7.5 μg/L | A sellar mass invading the third ventricle and nasal cavity | NA | Polyhormonal tumor(PRL and GH) | In good condition |
Van Der Mey AG et al., 1989 [9] | 47/F | Y (Decreased visual acuity and diplopia | Nasal obstruction, occipital and frontal headache | NA | 20 μg/L | A mass invading nasal cavity and maxillary sinus | NA | A chromophobe adenoma, and immunochemistry showed no hormone-containing granules | In good condition |
Godey B et al., 1999 [14] | 45/M | N | Nasal obstruction | NA | Elevated | A mass invading the cavernous sinus | A sellar mass | Polyhormonal tumor(PRL, FSH and LH) | The MRI confirmed the regression of the tumor |
Godey B et al., 1999 [14] | 39/M | Y | Intermittent pain over the maxillary and frontal sinuses, a fever and purulent rhinorrhea | NA | Elevated | NA | A sellar mass | Prolactinoma | The tumor had decreased in size by 50% |
Hofman R et al., 2010 [10] | 74/F | N | NA | The otolaryngology department | 697,000 mU/l (reference, < 500 mU/l) | NA | A mass (> 6 cm) invading the sphenoid sinus and nasopharynx | Prolactinoma | In good condition |
Chaurasia PK et al., 2011 [11] | 13/M | Y (No vision in right eye) | Nasal obstruction | NA | 203.7(reference, 86–324 mic IU/ml.) | NA | A sellar-suprasellar mass eroding bilateral optic canal, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, sphenoid sinuses, et al | Prolactinoma | In good condition |
Sahoo JP et al., 2015 [12] | 35/F | N | Headache and nasal obstruction | The otolaryngology department | 7443 μg/L (reference, < 20 μg/L) | NA | A sellar and infra-sellar mass extending into the nasopharynx | Prolactinoma | In good condition |
Imamura J et al., 1998 [13] | 72/F | Y (Only light was distinguishable in right eye) | Headache and nausea | The otolaryngology department | 6800 ng/mL (reference, 1.4–14.6 ng/mL) | A giant mass in the sella turcica extending into the cavernous sinus and suprasellar cistern, enclosing a large intracavernous aneurysm of the internal carotid artery | NA | Prolactinoma | Died of massive bleeding from aneurysmal rupture |
Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK et al., 1998 [15] | 67/M | Y (Sudden onset visual loss in right eye) | Ophthalmoplegia | NA | NA | NA | Sellar /suprasellar mass, peripheral rim enhancement with gadolinium | Null cell adenoma | NA |
Ghannam NN et al., 1999 [16] | 41/M | Y (Bilateral temporal visual defects) | Right nasal obstruction, classical symptoms of hypothyroidism, headache, right earache | NA | < 2 μg/L (reference, 2.1–17.7 μg/L) | A mass involving the nasal cavity, sphenoid sinus, and the sella | NA | TSH-secreting pituitary tumor | NA |
Das CJ et al., 2006 [17] | 43/M | N | NA | The otolaryngology department | NA | NA | Sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses mass extending into the nasopharynx, bilateral cavernous sinuses, and right petrous apex; empty sella | Nonfunctioning invasive pituitary adenoma | NA |