Table 2 Patient’s clinical and laboratory indicators at baseline
Variable | DN (N = 1,845) | Prediabetes (N = 1,180) | Non-diabetes (N = 28,720) | P-value (DN vs. Prediabetes) | P-value (DN vs. non-diabetes) | P-value (Prediabetes vs. non-diabetes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 73.0 (64.0–84.0) | 84.0 (67.0–91.0) | 80.0 (66.0–87.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 4.1 | 26.8 ± 3.8 | 26.3 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 140.2 ± 21.5 | 134.1 ± 20.3 | 132.3 ± 19.2 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
DBP (mmHg) | 83.6 ± 14.5 | 80.4 ± 13.5 | 79.9 ± 12.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.173 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 2.1 | 5.0 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
Cr (µmol/L) | 75.3 ± 17.5 | 72.3 ± 18.2 | 71.8 ± 17.2 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.329 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.9 (2.3–15.2) | 6.1 (1.8–11.2) | 5.1 (1.2–9.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
1,5-AG (mg/L) | 2.8 (1.5–3.5) | 8.9 (5.7–10.2) | 9.2 (6.3–18.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Blood glucose index (mmol/L) | 12.8 (7.8–19.0) | 7.8 (5.8–10.8) | 5.9 (4.2–6.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Hcy (µmol/L) | 16.5 (12.3–23.0) | 12.0 (9.9–15.3) | 14.1 (11.0–19.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
VD2 (ng/mL) | 0.5 (0.0–1.4) | 0.9 (0.2–1.8) | 0.7 (0.0–1.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.034 |
VD3 (ng/mL) | 11.2 (7.3–16.2) | 14.1 (8.9–21.4) | 12.5 (8.4–18.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
VD2 + VD3 (ng/mL) | 12.3 (8.3–18.0) | 16.6 (11.4–22.8) | 14.2 (9.7–20.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min) | 38.0 (18.0–67.9) | 77.8 (59.4–98.3) | 74.6 (55.4–94.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | <0.001 |
Urine protein quantification (g/24 h) | 0.7 (0.2–2.5) | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 0.1 (0.1–0.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Urinary protein/creatinine (mg/mmol) | 386.4 (90.5–1,884.0) | 27.8 (9.4–146.4) | 20.8 (8.8–82.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.004 |