Table 2 Dietary intakes of study subjects according to tertiles of the MIND diet score in obese and overweight women (n = 229)

Food groups

Whole grains (g/d)

438.45 ± 165.54

483.45 ± 216.22

526.72 ± 283.71

0.006

0.64

Olive oil (g/d)

1.65 ± 0.71

2.01 ± 0.80

2.37 ± 0.77

< 0.001

< 0.001

Berries (g/d)

1.90 ± 3.91

4.45 ± 8.34

5.02 ± 8.61

0.001

0.003

Other vegetables (g/d)

283.66 ± 214.17

498.52 ± 617.57

706.15 ± 589.23

< 0.001

< 0.001

Green leafy vegetables (g/d)

36.08 ± 29.60

72.11 ± 70.87

93.94 ± 56.93

< 0.001

< 0.001

Beans (g/d)

30.27 ± 20.54

46.26 ± 32.38

68.40 ± 51.49

< 0.001

< 0.001

Nuts (g/d)

0.40 ± 0.42

0.46 ± 0.38

0.63 ± 0.38

< 0.001

0.001

Poultry (g/d)

23.93 ± 19.81

35.09 ± 36.12

51.06 ± 49.27

< 0.001

< 0.001

Fish

6.29 ± 6.56

12.33 ± 13.76

14.96 ± 13.47

< 0.001

< 0.001

Butter and stick margarine (g/d)

16.76 ± 22.59

14.91 ± 22.36

9.24 ± 15.60

0.009

< 0.001

Cheese

31.79 ± 25.85

29.78 ± 22.92

29.18 ± 36.44

0.73

0.25

Red meat

19.00 ± 16.15

24.56 ± 25.56

21.98 ± 19.45

0.08

0.26

Pastries and sweets

65.68 ± 73.01

58.05 ± 89.11

39.38 ± 61.68

0.01

< 0.001

Fast/ fried food

26.61 ± 29.40

26.72 ± 27.59

23.35 ± 27.90

0.55

0.01

Nutrients

Energy (kcal)

2467.25 ± 762.26

2685.67 ± 807.53

2740.67 ± 697.82

0.06

-

Carbohydrates (g/d)

342.06 ± 14.00

379.06 ± 13.47

404.79 ± 14.58

0.008

0.01

Total Fat (g/d)

95.20 ± 3.87

98.27 ± 3.73

89.85 ± 4.03

0.30

< 0.001

Protein (g/d)

75.93 ± 2.99

91.23 ± 2.88

101.25 ± 3.12

< 0.001

< 0.001

Total fiber (g/d)

39.40 ± 2.09

44.83 ± 2.01

51.28 ± 2.18

0.001

0.004

MUFA (g/d)

31.72 ± 1.38

31.95 ± 1.33

30.02 ± 1.44

0.57

0.007

PUFA (g/d)

20.72 ± 1.08

20.30 ± 1.04

18.98 ± 1.13

0.51

0.03

SFA (g/d)

28.57 ± 1.29

28.88 ± 1.24

26.80 ± 1.35

0.48

0.001

Trans fat

0.001 ± 0.00

0.001 ± 0.00

0.002 ± 0.00

0.22

0.28

Iron (mg/d)

16.45 ± 0.66

18.91 ± 0.64

21.02 ± 0.69

< 0.001

< 0.001

Zinc (mg/d)

11.47 ± 0.47

13.55 ± 0.45

14.36 ± 0.49

< 0.001

< 0.001

Calcium (mg/d)

1021.06 ± 47.20

1221.55 ± 45.44

1272.74 ± 49.18

0.001

0.008

Magnesium (mg/d)

396.54 ± 16.14

479.54 ± 15.54

526.45 ± 16.82

< 0.001

< 0.001

Vitamin C (mg/d)

158.81 ± 14.93

205.52 ± 14.37

228.59 ± 15.56

0.005

0.05

Vitamin E (mg/d)

16.43 ± 1.05

18.04 ± 1.01

16.61 ± 1.09

0.48

0.47

Vitamin A (mg/d)

617.59 ± 45.52

828.93 ± 43.82

967.91 ± 47.43

< 0.001

< 0.001

Vitamin K (mg/d)

129.59 ± 22.70

227.97 ± 21.85

304.43 ± 23.65

< 0.001

< 0.001

Vitamin D (ug/d)

1.48 ± 0.18

2.35 ± 0.17

2.20 ± 0.19

0.002

0.008

Thiamin (mg/d)

1.89 ± 0.07

2.09 ± 0.07

2.23 ± 0.07

0.008

0.05

Riboflavin (mg/d)

1.92 ± 0.09

2.39 ± 0.09

2.35 ± 0.09

< 0.001

0.004

Niacin (mg/d)

21.57 ± 0.96

25.61 ± 0.93

28.90 ± 1.00

< 0.001

< 0.001

Pantothenic acid (mg/d)

5.43 ± 0.27

6.90 ± 0.26

7.32 ± 0.28

< 0.001

< 0.001

Vitamin B6 (mg/d)

1.82 ± 0.07

2.20 ± 0.07

2.55 ± 0.07

< 0.001

< 0.001

Folate (mcg/d)

530.80 ± 19.17

619.14 ± 18.46

681.62 ± 19.98

< 0.001

< 0.001

Vitamin B12 (mcg/d)

3.82 ± 0.28

4.84 ± 0.27

4.78 ± 0.29

0.01

0.11