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Table 4 ANCOVA table comparing changes in quality of life between experimental and control groups 6 months after intervention (Posttest)

From: Effect of educational intervention programme on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South-East, Nigeria

QOL Domains

 

EXP

CONTROL

F-value

p-val.

X ± SD

X ± SD

Physical functioning

Pre-T

56.49 ± 24.50

54.86 ± 22.53

  

Post-T

69.22 ± 18.58

57.75 ± 18.59

4.491

0.001*

Role limitation - physical

Pre-t

43.99 ± 36.37

42.59 ± 35.31

  

Post-t

69.29 ± 25.08

49.49 ± 30.77

13.01

0.001*

Role limitation - emotional

Pre-t

47.48 ± 36.67

54.17 ± 37.58

  

Post-t

75.43 ± 23.56

60.78 ± 32.83

15.063

0.001*

Energy/fatigue

Pre-t

51.60 ± 14.15

57.02 ± 17.20

  

Post-t

56.47 ± 11.37

57.55 ± 16.12

3.579

0.001*

Emotional wellbeing

Pre-t

59.19 ± 12.96

67.64 ± 16.02

  

Post-t

65.03 ± 12.92

67.64 ± 16.02

3.895

0.001*

Social Functioning

Pre-t

58.33 ± 20.09

62.96 ± 21.37

  

Post-t

61.65 ± 17.85

62.96 ± 21.37

1.858

0.018*

Pain

Pre-t

51.33 ± 22.09

55.88 ± 24.09

  

Post-t

59.88 ± 15.97

56.93 ± 21.72

2.770

0.001*

General Health

Pre-t

47.75 ± 12.85

56.95 ± 16.66

  

Post-t

60.78 ± 15.52

57.68 ± 16.27

10.194

0.001*

Overall QOL (6 months after intervention)

Pre-t

52.02 ± 15.02

56.51 ± 16.44

  

Post-t

64.72 ± 10.96

58.85 ± 15.23

4.349

0.001*

  1. Eta-squared (η2) = 0 0.14.