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Table 5 Relationship between hypertension status and the prevalence of fibrosis

From: Association between hypertension and the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis

 

Model 1 OR (95% CI, P)

Model 2 OR (95% CI, P)

Model 3 OR (95% CI, P)

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.2 (1.8, 2.7) < 0.001

2.0 (1.6, 2.5) < 0.001

2.0 (1.3, 3.0) 0.001

Stratified by sex

   

Men (n = 2392)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.2 (1.7, 2.8) < 0.001

2.0 (1.5, 2.7) < 0.001

1.7 (1.0, 2.9) 0.067

Women (n = 2445)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.3 (1.7, 3.0) < 0.001

2.0 (1.4, 2.8) < 0.001

2.6 (1.3, 5.2) 0.008

Stratified by age

   

20–39 age group (n = 1049)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.1 (1.2, 3.7) 0.010

2.0 (1.1, 3.5) 0.023

1.2 (0.4, 3.9) 0.799

40–59 age group (n = 1671)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.2 (1.6, 3.0) < 0.001

2.3 (1.6, 3.1) < 0.001

2.1 (1.0, 4.3) 0.047

60–80 age group (n = 2117)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.8 (1.3, 2.4) < 0.001

1.8 (1.3, 2.5) < 0.001

2.4 (1.3, 4.6) 0.009

Stratified by race

   

Non-Hispanic White (n = 1742)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.3 (1.7, 3.2) < 0.001

2.4 (1.7, 3.3) < 0.001

2.9 (1.5, 5.6) 0.002

Non-Hispanic Black (n = 1312)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.9 (1.3, 2.8) < 0.001

1.6 (1.0, 2.4) 0.040

2.3 (0.8, 6.7) 0.125

Mexican American (n = 544)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.6 (0.9, 2.7) 0.089

0.9 (0.5, 1.7) 0.760

0.7 (0.2, 2.8) 0.638

Other race (n = 1239)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.8 (1.9, 4.2) < 0.001

2.8 (1.8, 4.4) < 0.001

2.0 (0.8, 5.1) 0.142

Stratified by body mass index (BMI)

   

BMI < 25 (kg/m2) (n = 1125)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

3.1 (1.8, 5.3) < 0.001

2.1 (1.1, 4.1) 0.018

2.9 (0.8, 10.8) 0.110

BMI ≥ 25, < 30 (kg/m2) (n = 1609)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.4 (1.6, 3.7) < 0.001

1.7 (1.0, 2.7) 0.032

3.0 (1.1, 8.2) 0.030

BMI ≥ 30 (kg/m2) (n = 2103)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.9 (1.6, 2.3) < 0.001

1.6 (1.3, 2.0) < 0.001

2.1 (1.4, 3.2) < 0.001

  1. Model 1: No covariate adjustment
  2. Model 2: Adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity
  3. Model 3: Adjustment for all covariates including age, sex, ethnicity, education, BMI, family income-to-poverty ratio, smoked > 100 cigarettes during the lifetime, BUN, serum glucose, TC, TG, LDL cholesterol, SUC, ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, and glycohemoglobin
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