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Table 4 Relationship between hypertension status and the prevalence of liver stiffness (kPa)

From: Association between hypertension and the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis

 

Model 1 β (95% CI, P)

Model 2 β (95% CI, P)

Model 3 β (95% CI, P)

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.9 (0.6, 1.2) < 0.001

0.9 (0.6, 1.2) < 0.001

0.5 (0.1, 1.0) 0.025

Stratified by sex

   

Men (n = 2392)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.7 (0.3, 1.1) 0.002

0.7 (0.3, 1.2) 0.003

0.6 (-0.3, 1.4) 0.180

Women (n = 2445)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.1 (0.8, 1.4) < 0.001

1.0 (0.7, 1.4) < 0.001

0.4 (0.02, 0.8) 0.038

Stratified by age

   

20–39 age group (n = 1049)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.9 (0.1, 1.6) 0.026

0.7 (-0.04, 1.5) 0.064

-0.8 (-2.2, 0.6) 0.274

40–59 age group (n = 1671)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.3 (0.9, 1.7) < 0.001

1.3 (0.8, 1.7) < 0.001

0.5 (0.04, 1.0) 0.032

60–80 age group (n = 2117)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.6 (0.1, 1.0) 0.012

0.6 (0.1, 1.0) 0.014

0.4 (-0.3, 1.2) 0.266

Stratified by race

   

Non-Hispanic White (n = 1742)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.8 (0.4, 1.3) < 0.001

0.9 (0.4, 1.4) < 0.001

0.6 (-0.2, 1.4) 0.143

Non-Hispanic Black (n = 1312)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.6 (0.2, 1.1) 0.006

0.4 (-0.2, 0.9) 0.181

0.6 (-0.3, 1.5) 0.162

Mexican American (n = 544)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.9 (0.3, 1.4) 0.003

0.2 (-0.4, 0.8) 0.488

-0.3 (-1.1, 0.5) 0.466

Other race (n = 1239)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.5 (1.1, 2.0) < 0.001

1.6 (1.0, 2.1) < 0.001

0.5 (-0.1, 1.0) 0.093

Stratified by body mass index (BMI)

   

BMI < 25 (kg/m2) (n = 1125)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.4 (0.2, 0.7) 0.001

0.3 (-0.0, 0.6) 0.059

0.1 (-0.5, 0.6) 0.833

BMI ≥ 25, < 30 (kg/m2) (n = 1609)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.6 (0.2, 0.9) 0.002

0.2 (-0.2, 0.6) 0.248

0.2 (-0.5, 0.9) 0.553

BMI ≥ 30 (kg/m2) (n = 2103)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

0.7 (0.2, 1.2) 0.007

0.9 (0.3, 1.5) 0.002

1.2 (0.3, 2.0) 0.008

  1. Model 1: No covariate adjustment
  2. Model 2: Adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity
  3. Model 3: Adjustment for all covariates including age, sex, ethnicity, education, BMI, family income-to-poverty ratio, smoked > 100 cigarettes during the lifetime, BUN, serum glucose, TC, TG, LDL cholesterol, SUC, ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, and glycohemoglobin
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