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Table 3 Relationship between hypertension status and the prevalence of liver steatosis

From: Association between hypertension and the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis

 

Model 1 OR (95% CI, P)

Model 2 OR (95% CI, P)

Model 3 OR (95% CI, P)

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.8 (1.6, 2.0) < 0.001

1.8 (1.6, 2.1) < 0.001

1.4 (1.1, 1.8) 0.012

Stratified by sex

   

Men (n = 2392)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.8 (1.5, 2.1) < 0.001

1.9 (1.5, 2.2) < 0.001

1.6 (1.1, 2.2) 0.015

Women (n = 2445)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.9 (1.6, 2.2) < 0.001

1.7 (1.4, 2.1) < 0.001

1.1 (0.7, 1.6) 0.686

Stratified by age

   

20–39 age group (n = 1049)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.1 (1.5, 3.0) < 0.001

2.2 (1.6, 3.2) < 0.001

1.3 (0.6, 2.8) 0.444

40–59 age group (n = 1671)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.9 (1.5, 2.3) < 0.001

2.0 (1.7, 2.5) < 0.001

1.4 (1.0, 2.2) 0.089

60–80 age group (n = 2117)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.3 (1.1, 1.6) 0.002

1.4 (1.2, 1.8) < 0.001

1.3 (0.9, 1.9) 0.180

Stratified by race

   

Non-Hispanic White (n = 1742)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.0 (1.6, 2.4) < 0.001

2.0 (1.6, 2.4) < 0.001

1.4 (0.9, 2.1) 0.127

Non-Hispanic Black (n = 1312)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.0 (1.5, 2.5) < 0.001

1.7 (1.3, 2.3) < 0.001

2.1 (1.1, 3.7) 0.016

Mexican American (n = 544)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.5 (1.1, 2.2) 0.025

1.3 (0.9, 2.0) 0.227

0.8 (0.4, 1.9) 0.634

Other race (n = 1239)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.1 (1.7, 2.6) < 0.001

1.9 (1.4, 2.4) < 0.001

1.5 (0.9, 2.5) 0.095

Stratified by body mass index (BMI)

   

BMI < 25 (kg/m2) (n = 1125)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

2.4 (1.7, 3.5) < 0.001

1.8 (1.2, 2.7) 0.005

1.9 (0.9, 3.8) 0.084

BMI ≥ 25, < 30 (kg/m2) (n = 1609)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.4 (1.1, 1.7) 0.001

1.2 (1.0, 1.5) 0.076

1.7 (1.1, 2.5) 0.012

BMI ≥ 30 (kg/m2) (n = 2103)

   

Non-hypertension

Reference

Reference

Reference

hypertension

1.4 (1.1, 1.6) 0.001

1.4 (1.1, 1.8) 0.002

1.2 (0.8, 1.8) 0.287

  1. Model 1: No covariate adjustment
  2. Model 2: Adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity
  3. Model 3: Adjustment for all covariates including age, sex, ethnicity, education, BMI, family income-to-poverty ratio, smoked > 100 cigarettes during the lifetime, BUN, serum glucose, TC, TG, LDL cholesterol, SUC, ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, and glycohemoglobin
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