Association between hypertension and the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis

Fu, Huanjie; Yu, Hao; Zhao, Yisheng; Chen, Jinhong; Liu, Zhichao

doi:10.1186/s12902-023-01318-1

BMC Endocrine Disorders

Table 2 Relationship between hypertension status and controlled attenuation parameter (dB/m)

From: Association between hypertension and the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis

	Model 1 β (95% CI, P)	Model 2 β (95% CI, P)	Model 3 β (95% CI, P)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	29.0 (25.5, 32.5) < 0.001	26.9 (23.0, 30.7) < 0.001	9.1 (4.3, 14.0) <0.001
Stratified by sex
Men (n = 2392)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	30.2 (25.3, 35.2) < 0.001	30.1 (24.7, 35.4) < 0.001	8.5 (1.8, 15.2) 0.013
Women (n = 2445)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	27.6 (22.7, 32.4) < 0.001	23.1 (17.6, 28.6) < 0.001	8.8 (1.7, 16.0) 0.015
Stratified by age
20–39 age group (n = 1049)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	34.5 (24.4, 44.8) < 0.001	34.9 (24.9, 44.9) < 0.001	4.8 (-7.3, 16.9) 0.434
40–59 age group (n = 1671)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	31.2 (25.2, 37.2) < 0.001	31.7 (25.7, 37.6) < 0.001	12.8 (5.4, 20.2) < 0.001
60–80 age group (n = 2117)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	20.3 (14.8, 25.8) < 0.001	21.4 (15.9, 26.9) < 0.001	6.6 (-1.2, 14.4) 0.099
Stratified by race
Non-Hispanic White (n = 1742)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	31.6 (25.9, 37.3) < 0.001	28.7 (22.5, 35.0) < 0.001	9.6 (2.0, 17.2) 0.013
Non-Hispanic Black (n = 1312)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	25.4 (18.7, 32.0) < 0.001	19.3 (11.4, 27.2) < 0.001	17.0 (4.8, 29.1) 0.006
Mexican American (n = 544)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	16.2 (5.2, 27.1) 0.004	9.1 (-3.0, 21.3) 0.141	-5.5 (-20.7, 9.6) 0.472
Other race (n = 1239)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	34.0 (27.0, 41.0) < 0.001	30.4 (22.4, 38.4) < 0.001	9.8 (-0.6, 20.3) 0.067
Stratified by body mass index (BMI)
BMI < 25 (kg/m²) (n = 1125)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	22.0 (16.5, 27.6) < 0.001	14.2 (8.2, 20.3) < 0.001	13.6 (3.0, 24.3) 0.013
BMI ≥ 25, < 30 (kg/m²) (n = 1609)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	10.8 (5.8, 15.9) < 0.001	5.3 (-0.2, 17.3) 0.058	7.6 (-0.9, 16.1) 0.082
BMI ≥ 30 (kg/m²) (n = 2103)
Non-hypertension	Reference	Reference	Reference
hypertension	18.2 (13.3, 23.0) < 0.001	19.8 (14.4, 25.1) < 0.001	11.6 (3.7, 19.4) 0.004

Model 1: No covariate adjustment
Model 2: Adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity
Model 3: Adjustment for all covariates including age, sex, ethnicity, education, BMI, family income-to-poverty ratio, smoked > 100 cigarettes during the lifetime, BUN, serum glucose, TC, TG, LDL cholesterol, SUC, ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, and glycohemoglobin

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