Table 3 Mean annual diabetes-associated cost per patient in the study population, stratified by treatment form
From: Healthcare expenditure and technology use in pediatric diabetes care
|  | All children (n = 5,474) | No technology use (n = 2,295) | Insulin pump (n = 1,571) | rtCGM (n = 116) | Pump & rtCGM (n = 1,492) | p†|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diabetes-associated costs | € 5,143 (1,570 — 6,747) | € 2,418 (808—2,702) | € 4,759 *** (2,980—5,728) | € 7,259 *** (3,624—9,999) | € 9,573 *** (5,250—11,945) |  < 0.001 |
Consultation costs | € 1,049 (784—1,359) | € 932 (459—1,292) | € 1,137 *** (902—1,372) | € 1,030 (588—1,362) | € 1,140 *** (910—1,372) |  < 0.001 |
Clinical costs | € 607 (0–0) | € 737 (0—0) | € 473 *** (0—0) | € 1,052 (0—0) | € 514 *** (0—0) |  < 0.001 |
Treatment costs | € 3,179 (186—4,221) | € 491 (0—614) | € 2,907 *** (1,600—3,516) | € 4,137 *** (876—5,885) | € 7,525 *** (3,626—9,716) |  < 0.001 |
Diagnostic costs | € 307 (121—297) | € 258 (80—294) | € 241 *** (142—266) | € 1,040 *** (204—1,422) | € 393 *** (138—331) |  < 0.001 |
Additional costs | € 1 (0—0) | € 1 (0—0) | € 0 (0—0) | € 0 (0—0) | € 2 (0—0) | 0.72 |