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Table 2 Basic characteristics of the NAFLD and non-NAFLD population

From: Dietary selenium intake in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease assessed by fatty liver index and hepatic steatosis index; a cross-sectional study on the baseline data of prospective PERSIAN Kavar cohort study.

Basic characteristics

NAFLD status

With NAFLD based on FLI

Without NAFLD based on FLI

P-value

With NAFLD based on HSI

Without NAFLD based on HSI

P-value

n (%)

1708 (56.4)

1318 (43.6)

-

1570 (51.9)

1456 (48.1)

-

Sex, n (%)

      

 Male

 Female

873 (51.1)

835 (48.9)

843 (64.0)

475 (36.0)

< 0.001

715 (45.5)

855 (54.5)

1001 (68.8)

455 (31.3)

< 0.001

Education, n (%)

      

 Illiterate

 Elementary school

 Middle and high school

 Academic degree

415 (24.3)

531 (31.1)

570 (33.4)

192 (11.2)

322 (24.14)

398 (30.2)

473 (35.9)

125 (9.5)

0.289

371 (23.6)

484 (30.8)

545 (34.7)

170 (10.8)

366 (25.1)

445 (30.6)

498 (34.2)

147 (10.1)

0.761

Ethnicity, n (%)

      

 Persian

 Turk Nomad

 Others or mixed

1325 (77.6)

317 (18.6)

66 (3.9)

965 (73.2)

304 (23.1)

49 (3.7)

0.01

1226 (78.1)

283 (18.0)

61 (3.9)

1064 (73.1)

338 (23.2)

54 (3.7)

0.002

Smoking, n (%)

      

 Non-smoker

 Ex-smoker

 Current smoker

1338 (78.3)

117 (6.9)

253 (14.8)

874 (66.3)

103 (7.8)

341 (25.9)

< 0.001

1292 (82.3)

96 (6.1)

182 (11.16)

920 (63.2)

124 (8.5)

412 (28.3)

< 0.001

Alcohol intake

      

 No

 Yes

1542 (90.3)

166 (9.7)

1142 (86.6)

176 (13.4)

0.002

1437 (91.5)

133 (8.5)

1247 (85.6)

209 (14.4)

< 0.001

Wealth score index, n (%)

      

 1st quintile

 2nd quintile

 3rd quintile

 4th quintile

 5th quintile

305 (17.9)

322 (18.9)

355 (20.8)

398 (23.3)

328 (19.2)

309 (23.4)

296 (22.5)

265 (20.1)

263 (20.0)

185 (14.0)

< 0.001

299 (19.0)

279 (17.8)

334 (21.3)

358 (22.8)

300 (19.1)

315 (21.6)

339 (23.3)

286 (19.6)

303 (20.8)

213 (14.6)

< 0.001

Age (years), mean ± SD

45.93 ± 7.87

46.10 ± 8.54

0.573

45.11 ± 7.45

46.97 ± 8.78

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD

29.51 ± 3.74

22.98 ± 2.85

< 0.001

29.87 ± 3.69

23.21 ± 2.81

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD

100.22 ± 8.43

85.76 ± 6.94

< 0.001

100.52 ± 8.75

86.81 ± 7.33

< 0.001

Serum TC (mg/dl), mean ± SD

184.12 ± 35.98

162.73 ± 32.25

< 0.001

181.82 ± 35.39

167.24 ± 35.10

< 0.001

Serum HDL-C (mg/dl), mean ± SD

40.38 ± 9.02

43.48 ± 9.07

< 0.001

41.18 ± 9.13

42.32 ± 9.18

0.001

Serum LDL-C (mg/dl), mean ± SD

107.71 ± 30.93

98.66 ± 26.85

< 0.001

107.59 ± 30.28

99.65 ± 28.19

< 0.001

Serum TG (mg/dl), median (range)

154.50 (1381)

93.00 (318)

< 0.001

140.00 (1387)

106.00 (827)

< 0.001

FPG (mg/dl), median (range)

94.00 (280)

91.00 (79)

< 0.001

94.00 (273)

91.00 (281)

< 0.001

ALT (U/L), median (range)

20.00 (218)

14.00 (132)

< 0.001

21.00 (216)

14.00 (182)

< 0.001

AST (U/L), median (range)

17.00 (396)

16.00 (121)

< 0.001

17.00 (174)

16.00 (395)

< 0.001

GGT (U/L), median (range)

23.00 (367)

16.00 (154)

< 0.001

22.00 (369)

17.00 (160)

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD

117.23 ± 13.18

111.40 ± 12.59

< 0.001

116.39 ± 12.50

112.86 ± 13.77

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD

77.80 ± 9.07

72.47 ± 9.09

< 0.001

77.34 ± 8.90

73.47 ± 9.62

< 0.001

Activity level (MET-h/week), mean ± SD

41.38 ± 6.38

42.66 ± 7.49

< 0.001

41.39 ± 6.14

42.52 ± 7.62

< 0.001

Dietary total energy intake (kcal/d), mean ± SD

2252.09 ± 606.00

2240.46 ± 609.78

0.602

2242.42 ± 613.61

2251.99 ± 601.16

0.665

Dietary SFA intake (g/day), mean ± SD

18.85 ± 7.38

19.26 ± 8.00

0.146

18.87 ± 7.50

19.20 ± 7.82

0.225

Dietary cholesterol intake (mg/day), mean ± SD

232.62 ± 109.78

236.48 ± 116.15

0.350

231.94 ± 110.09

236.85 ± 115.23

0.231

Dietary fiber intake (g/day), mean ± SD

27.39 ± 9.68

26.15 ± 9.40

< 0.001

27.38 ± 9.89

26.28 ± 9.20

0.002

Dietary fructose intake (g/day), mean ± SD

31.17 ± 16.94

29.28 ± 16.80

0.002

31.01 ± 17.29

29.62 ± 16.45

0.024

Dietary selenium intake (µg/day), mean ± SD

110.03 ± 37.54

108.35 ± 36.34

0.215

109.43 ± 37.76

109.15 ± 36.23

0.838

  1. Abbreviations: ALT: Alanine transaminase, AST: Aspartate transaminase, BMI: Body mass index, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure, FLI: Fatty liver index, FPG: Fasting plasma glucose, GGT: Gamma-Glutamyl-Transferase, HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HSI: Hepatic steatosis index, LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, SFA: Saturated fatty acids, TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglyceride. Parametric, non-parametric, and categorical data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), median (range), or frequency (percentages), respectively.
  2. Between-group differences in variables were determined using an independent sample t-test for parametric variables, Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric parameters, and the Chi-square test for categorical variables.
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

ISSN: 1472-6823

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