Table 1 Maternal and perinatal characteristics of women with normal, diet-treated (GDM-D) or insulin-treated (GDM-I) gestational diabetes

Maternal age (years)

30.3 ± 2.9

31.6 ± 4.3

31.6 ± 3.6

0.639

Maternal BMI (kg/m2)

25.64 ± 2.29

26.32 ± 4.53

29.25 ± 5.55

0.131

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

116.1 ± 8.6

118.5 ± 9.1

123.6 ± 16.3

0.324

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76.8 ± 10.3

75.5 ± 10.4

82.3 ± 10.6

0.245

75g OGTT

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

4.44 ± 0.26

5.06 ± 0.56

5.28 ± 1.53**##

0.0007

1-hour plasma glucose (mmol/L)

8.17 ± 1.42

8.34 ± 2.04

9.75 ± 2.06

0.138

2-hour plasma glucose (mmol/L)

6.30 ± 0.78

7.17 ± 0.85

8.36 ± 1.41**#

0.0008

Fasting plasma glucose after intervention

(mmol/L)

4.55 ± 0.65

4.92 ± 0.47

0.573