Table 2 The baseline metabolic parameters of both groups

BMI, kg/m²

24.6 [22.5; 26.5]

23.9 [22.7; 25.9]

0.612

Fasting glucose, mmol/l

5.04 [4.63; 5.23]

4.83 [4.50; 5.20]

0.556

2-h glucose OGTT, mmol/l

5.51 [4.78; 6.34]

4.89 [4.40; 5.74]

0.260

HbA1c, %

5.30 [5.10; 5.50]

5.20 [5.10; 5.50]

0.815

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

4.94 [4.49; 5.41]

5.18 [4.36; 5.46]

0.732

LDL cholesterol, mmol/l

3.04 [2.58; 3.69]

3.39 [2.36; 3.62]

0.962

HDL cholesterol, mmol/l

1.35 [1.14; 1.75]

1.53 [1.26; 1.76]

0.494

Triglycerides, mmol/l

1.13 [0.94; 1.39]

0.79 [0.63; 1.01]

0.001

Uric acid, µmol/l

298 [246; 366]

253 [231; 311]

0.134

Adiponectin, µg/ml

7.22 [4.56; 8.79]

7.23 [4.81; 10.8]

0.849

Leptin, µg/l

12.5 [4.74; 18.8]

7.09 [6.28; 11.7]

0.247

M-value, mg/kg/min

5.60 [4.25; 7.45]

7.90 [7.00; 10.6]

0.001

AUC C-peptide phase 1

61.9 [44.4; 73.9]

37.6 [36.1; 42.6]

 < 0.001

AUC C-peptide phase 2

160 [145; 198]

132 [115; 175]

0.019

AUC IRI phase 1

648 [438; 834]

294 [259; 384]

 < 0.001

AUC IRI phase 2

1150 [961; 1448]

760 [657; 1012]

0.001

Percent body fat, %

31.5 [20.9; 36.2]

31.2 [25.6; 33.7]

0.916

Visceral fat area, cm²

89.9 [61.3; 120]

88.1 [75.9; 106]

0.770