Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients
Variables | No DR (n = 460) | DR (n = 162) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (men), % | 276 (60.0) | 93 (57.4) | 0.56 |
Age, years | 57 (47–68) | 60 (52–70) | 0.047 |
Diabetes course, years | 4.0 (1.0–9.0) | 10.0 (4.8–15.0) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.3 (22.3–26.8) | 25.0 (22.0–27.5) | 0.56 |
WC, cm | 89.5 (81.0–96.0) | 89.5 (84.0–97.0) | 0.90 |
Current smoking, % | 144 (31.3) | 40 (24.8) | 0.12 |
Alcohol drinking, % | 72 (15.7) | 24 (14.9) | 0.82 |
HTN, % | 250 (54.7) | 98 (60.5) | 0.20 |
SBP, mmHg | 130 (120–140) | 130 (120–145) | 0.29 |
DBP, mmHg | 80 (70–85) | 80 (75–85) | 0.98 |
HbA1c, % | 8.5 (7.0–10.5) | 8.95 (7.5–10.6) | 0.08 |
FPG, mmol/L | 8.33 (6.80–10.76) | 8.98 (6.80- 11.94) | 0.36 |
30-minute PPG, mmol/L | 7.49 (5.80–9.11) | 7.45 (5.85–9.36) | 0.90 |
120-minute PPG, mmol/L | 13.38 (10.52–16.47) | 13.29 (10.55–17.26) | 0.99 |
FCP, ng/ml | 1.78 (0.99–2.80) | 1.52 (0.84–2.53) | 0.09 |
30-minute PCP, ng/ml | 2.72 (1.37–4.32) | 2.17 (1.19–3.44) | 0.10 |
120-minute PCP, ng/ml | 3.94 (2.06–6.25) | 3.16 (1.66–5.30) | 0.015 |
TC, mmol/L | 4.80 (4.10–5.50) | 4.80 (4.30–5.40) | 0.77 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.59 (1.05–2.34) | 1.57 (1.04–2.33) | 0.84 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.08 (0.93–1.33) | 1.12 (0.96–1.42) | 0.26 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.96 (2.44–3.61) | 2.97 (2.51–3.48) | 0.834 |
30-minute PCP increment, ng/ml | 0.60 (0.20–1.30) | 0.40 (0.10–1.00) | 0.14 |
120-minute PCP increment, ng/ml | 2.00 (0.60–3.70) | 1.40 (0.50–2.80) | 0.006 |
Diabetes management | Â | Â | Â |
Insulin, n (%) | 282 (61.3) | 115 (71) | 0.027 |
insulin secretagogues, n (%) | 111 (24.1) | 35 (21.6) | 0.51 |