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Table 3 The effects of supplementation with soymilk and probiotic on anthropometric measures and biochemical markers of patients with T2D

From: The effects of soymilk plus probiotics supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial

Variables

Group 1: Soymilk + probiotic supplement (n = 24)

Group 2: Soymilk + placebo (n = 24)

Group 3: Milk + placebo (n = 22)

Group 4: Probiotic supplement (n = 22)

*P-value

BMI (kg/m2)

Before

29.06 ± 5.67

28.55 ± 4.46

26.98 ± 5.04

28.26 ± 5.86

0.88

After

28.16 ± 7.99

28.46 ± 4.70

27.73 ± 4.83

28.02 ± 5.86

Mean change

0.10 ± 0.35

0.01 ± 0.33

0.10 ± 0.42

0.10 ± 0.34

**P-value

0.36

0.75

0.21

0.36

SBP (mmHg)

Before

126.45 ± 20.87

129.60 ± 17.07

132.00 ± 18.20

127.60 ± 12.91

0.01

After

119.79 ± 12.02

124.04 ± 14.79

129.09 ± 17.08

119.32 ± 33.84a

Mean change

-3.15 ± 12.15

-3.86 ± 11.67

-3.52 ± 11.79

-6.40 ± 9.54

**P-value

0.07

0.06

0.29

0.01

DBP (mmHg)

Before

80.41 ± 9.88

81.40 ± 9.41

81.40 ± 8.48

83.40 ± 7.73

0.02

After

72.70 ± 10.73

73.69 ± 12.17

79.54 ± 9.50

79.54 ± 4.85

Mean change

-6.95 ± 10.55

-5.43 ± 7.49

-3.52 ± 10.48

-6.02 ± 12.40

**P-value

0.001

0.01

0.35

0.05

FBS (mg/dl)

Before

161.68 ± 53.83

159.91 ± 55.59

170.61 ± 64.14

151.78 ± 41.33

0.69

After

162.29 ± 64.96

162.68 ± 50.92

178.36 ± 69.14

153.05 ± 32.25

Mean change

-1.29 ± 37.68

2.77 ± 22.80

7.27 ± 53.91

1.09 ± 38.12

**P-value

0.87

0.57

0.53

0.90

TC (mg/dl)

Before

166.20 ± 41.61

176.14 ± 26.05

181.52 ± 26.05

161.83 ± 28.26

0.44

After

158.67 ± 39.51

167.77 ± 27.98

184.18 ± 32.53

160.73 ± 32.07

Mean change

-8.87 ± 16.39

-8.36 ± 29.28

1.36 ± 18.29

-1.27 ± 19.26

**P-value

0.01

0.19

0.73

0.76

LDL-C (mg/dl)

Before

82.64 ± 25.83

80.73 ± 27.27

88.96 ± 17.36

76.78 ± 17.48

0.89

After

88.60 ± 26.66

88.04 ± 35.32

99.86 ± 21.39

85.95 ± 22.05

Mean change

6.87 ± 23.95

7.32 ± 21.36

10.09 ± 14.76

9.14 ± 14.28

**P-value

0.33

0.12

0.40

0.07

TG (mg/dl)

Before

154.44 ± 50.01

170.50 ± 76.20

127.74 ± 56.45

129.26 ± 34.2

0.12

After

117.67 ± 45.63

139.00 ± 73.89

123.68 ± 43.19

116.82 ± 43.30

Mean change

-40.20 ± 26.63

-31.50 ± 39.37

-7.63 ± 30.60

-9.95 ± 39.89

**P-value

 < 0.001

0.001

0.25

0.25

HDL-C (mg/day)

Before

44.28 ± 8.83

44.18 ± 6.22

48.65 ± 10.42

42.04 ± 8.80

0.94

After

49.79 ± 9.90

47.68 ± 7.27

50.64 ± 9.61

45.18 ± 7.79

Mean change

5.50 ± 7.92

3.50 ± 7.33

1.95 ± 8.58

3.09 ± 6.76

**P-value

0.002

0.03

0.30

0.04

Insulin (μU/ml)

Before

22.25 ± 17.82

16.05 ± 9.75

15.60 ± 11.71

15.09 ± 4.81

0.21

After

10.85 ± 6.63

9.20 ± 4.26

14.21 ± 12.55

10.53 ± 5.89

Mean change

-11.31 ± 16.39

-6.85 ± 10.49

-1.61 ± 7.49

-4.38 ± 6.25

**P-value

0.003

0.006

0.32

0.003

HOMA-IR

Before

4.58 ± 1.36

4.34 ± 1.30

4.61 ± 1.67

4.12 ± 1.05

0.54

After

4.27 ± 1.65

4.24 ± 1.33

4.75 ± 1.75

4.04 ± 0.86

Mean change

-0.31 ± 1.06

-0.10 ± 0.50

0.14 ± 1.30

-0.81 ± 0.90

**P-value

0.17

0.36

0.63

0.70

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBS fasting blood sugar, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance
  2. Values are expressed as means ± SD. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant
  3. *Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for comparisons between the groups post-intervention after adjusting for baseline values plus other confounders such as age, sex, BMI, and physical activity
  4. asignificantly different to group 3
  5. **Paired sample t-test was used for comparisons between the means before and after the interventions
  6. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

ISSN: 1472-6823

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