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Table 2 Nutrient intake according to quartiles of healthy beverage index in obese and overweight women (n = 210)

From: The association between healthy beverage index and sarcopenic obesity among women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study

Variables

HBI

Q1 (< 63)

N = 75

Q2 (63–65)

N = 44

Q3 (65–68)

N = 45

Q4(> 68)

N = 43

P-value†

P-value*

Dietary intake

Energy (kcal/d)

2525.68 ± 670.80

2876.70 ± 765.43

2353.98 ± 772.66

2713.56 ± 811.41

0.008

–

Protein (g/d)

86.08 ± 25.73

96.63 ± 29.26

84.90 ± 29.61

91.75 ± 29.93

0.16

0.49

Carbohydrate (g/d)

355.75 ± 116.08

408.13 ± 119.20

327.14 ± 123.75

403.24 ± 124.93

0.004

0.08

Total fat (g/d)

92.16 ± 31.28

104.87 ± 36.02

86.00 ± 28.37

91.22 ± 33.59

0.05

0.16

Cholesterol (mg/d)

238.35 ± 97.77

273.23 ± 128.41

256.20 ± 92.57

270.26 ± 97.71

0.25

0.25

SFA (mg/d)

26.65 ± 9.82

31.58 ± 13.67

27.21 ± 10.69

26.99 ± 11.22

0.12

0.08

MUFA (g/d)

31.83 ± 12.15

33.60 ± 11.59

27.87 ± 9.97

29.45 ± 10.84

0.08

0.04

PUFA (g/d)

20.50 ± 9.65

21.65 ± 8.71

17.74 ± 7.16

18.34 ± 8.73

0.12

0.11

Linolenic acid (g/d)

1.04 ± .59

1.59 ± .60

1.31 ± .68

1.08 ± .52

0.001

< 0.001

Linoleic acid (g/d)

18.05 ± 9.33

18.47 ± 8.24

14.89 ± 6.52

15.65 ± 8.18

0.09

0.07

Sodium (mg/d)

4195.75 ± 1335.16

4672.32 ± 1460.87

3781.65 ± 1311.84

4231.22 ± 1382.43

0.03

0.57

Potassium (mg/d)

4110.79 ± 1566.16

4622.94 ± 1476.27

4130.37 ± 1459.413

4895.02 ± 1666.32

0.03

0.05

Vitamin D (μg/d)

2.04 ± 1.62

1.84 ± 1.51

1.81 ± 1.08

2.25 ± 1.76

0.53

0.54

Vitamin E (mg/d)

19.35 ± 11.07

16.13 ± 6.21

13.84 ± 5.86

16.16 ± 9.60

0.01

0.001

Thiamin (μg/d)

2.04 ± 63

2.27 ± .61

1.81 ± .61

2.11 ± .72

0.01

0.57

Riboflavin (mg/d)

2.15 ± .87

2.37 ± .78

2.06 ± .62

2.39 ± 1.02

0.16

0.80

Niacin (mg/d)

24.01 ± 7.33

27.74 ± 8.97

23.14 ± 9.60

26.89 ± 10.93

0.04

0.74

Vitamin B6 (μg/d)

2.03 ± .64

2.31 ± .76

2.08 ± .72

2.39 ± .75

0.03

0.02

folate (μg/d)

588.44 ± 177.88

661.77 ± 162.17

535.26 ± 158.59

652.83 ± 184.06

0.002

0.13

Vitamin B12 (μg/d)

4.16 ± 1.91

4.89 ± 2.72

4.21 ± 1.94

5.03 ± 3.72

0.20

0.67

Vitamin K (μg/d)

185.35 ± 108.12

263.82 ± 251.16

213.37 ± 135.23

274.43 ± 360.64

0.11

0.33

Phosphorus (mg/d)

1609.31 ± 497.78

1776.36 ± 533.26

1546.51 ± 509.85

1695.16 ± 574.44

0.18

0.83

Vitamin C (μmol/L)

179.01 ± 159.25

197.64 ± 103.51

181.16 ± 106.79

179.01 ± 159.25

0.16

0.18

Calcium (mg/d)

1138.60 ± 416.045

1251.28 ± 438.75

1110.86 ± 369.98

1198.90 ± 475.11

0.40

0.87

Magnesium (mg/d)

448.85 ± 145.78

507.42 ± 145.84

425.03 ± 138.47

497.24 ± 168.06

0.02

0.76

Zinc (mg/d)

12.80 ± 4.29

14.19 ± 4.19

12.03 ± 3.94

13.69 ± 4.83

0.09

0.95

Total fiber (g/d)

42.75 ± 19.13

51.77 ± 15.83

38.68 ± 15.15

47.39 ± 20.12

0.005

0.01

Food groups

Grains (g/d)

458.89 ± 239.94

486.59 ± 200.30

360.28 ± 172.86

477.09 ± 302.97

0.04

0.04

Fruits (g/d)

477.82 ± 372.87

541.93 ± 312.01

475.80 ± 325.50

671.42 ± 392.53

0.02

0.04

Vegetables (g/d)

418.82260.28

472.20 ± 216.73

431.50 ± 273.45

541.80 ± 342.54

0.12

0.24

Nuts (g/d)

13.02 ± 16.76

19.47 ± 19.20

16.14 ± 13.71

16.01 ± 20.87

0.30

0.44

Legumes (g/d)

53.80 ± 44.74

60.71 ± 40.04

49.08 ± 41.89

56.35 ± 43.37

0.64

0.92

Dairy (ml/d)

391.09 ± 244.07

379.21 ± 223.02

377.00 ± 194.55

439.59 ± 353.89

0.65

0.41

Meat (g/d)

56.54 ± 38.99

73.73 ± 60.40

70.08 ± 59.34

70.94 ± 41.72

0.21

0.22

Processed food (g/d)

23.19 ± 26.73

19.73 ± 15.61

26.33 ± 30.93

19.62 ± 19.78

0.53

0.16

  1. MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid, SFA Saturated Fatty Acid
  2. Values are represented as means ±SD
  3. † Calculated by analysis of variance (ANOVA)
  4. *ANCOVA (P-value*) was performed to adjust potential confounding factors (energy intake)
  5. p-values < 0.05 were considered as significant