The association of meal-specific food-based dietary inflammatory index with cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation in a sample of Iranian adults

Table 1 Anthropometric measures and serum biomarkers of the study participants across tertiles of meal-specific FDII

	Breakfast FDII (-0.30 ± 0.58)			P	Lunch FDII (0.68 ± 0.77)			P	Dinner FDII (0.33 ± 0.76)			P-trend = 0.15
	T1	T2	T3	P	T1	T2	T3	P	T1	T2	T3	P
Age (y)	42.5 ± 10.4	42.2 ± 10.4	42.0 ± 11.0	0.86	41.1 ± 10.2	42.2 ± 10.4	43.1 ± 11.0	0.08	42.6 ± 10.6	42.9 ± 10.2	41.3 ± 10.9	0.17
Women %	83.1	81.6	82.4	0.90	82.1	83.2	81.7	0.89	84.2	81.2	80.8	0.55
Smoking %	1.5	4.0	4.0	0.19	5.5	1.8	2.6	0.01	2.6	3.0	4.5	0.55
Married %	81.3	81.6	77.9	0.44	80.6	82.8	79.1	0.32	80.4	84.2	78.2	0.18
Physical activity %
Low	54.8	50.4	51.1	0.29	53.8	53.1	50.9	0.94	55.8	49.2	53.0	0.47
Moderate	37.5	37.9	41.5		37.7	38.5	39.2		35.5	40.6	39.8
High	7.7	11.8	7.4		8.4	8.4	9.9		8.7	10.2	7.1
Higher education %	36.8	30.9	37.9	0.28	35.9	36.3	31.1	0.54	31.7	36.1	34.6	0.75
MEQ score	59.1 ± 5.81	58.9 ± 5.72	58.0 ± 5.89	0.07	58.7 ± 6.14	58.5 ± 5.78	58.8 ± 5.63	0.79	58.7 ± 5.82	58.5 ± 5.93	58.7 ± 5.86	0.84
Sleep length (h)	5:54 ± 2:36	5:57 ± 2:27	6:19 ± 2:08	0.08	6:07 ± 2:20	6:02 ± 2:28	5:54 ± 2:32	0.61	6:04 ± 2:27	6:09 ± 2:26	5:57 ± 2:24	0.61
FDII score	-0.90 ± 0.28	-0.38 ± 0.17	0.38 ± 0.33	< 0.001	-0.12 ± 0.56	0.71 ± 0.15	1.46 ± 0.44	< 0.001	-0.47 ± 0.60	0.38 ± 0.15	1.08 ± 0.40	< 0.001

Data is mean and standard deviation unless reported
MEQ Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, DII Dietary inflammatory index, T Tertile
P < 0.05 is significant (analysis of variance or chi-square test was used)

ISSN: 1472-6823