Table 1 General information and features of the included 22 studies
Study | Country | Study design | Skeletal site | DC for OP | N | n | Percent (%) | Participants and sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kanazawa,2019 [26] | Japan | cross-sectional study | The thoracic and LS | T score | 309 | 166 | 53.70 | T2DM, 196 male, 113 female; age 65.3 years; BMI 25.2 kg/m2, from hospital; |
MaÃra Viégas,2011 [20] | Maceió | cross-sectional study | LS and FN | T score | 148 | 45 | 30.40 | T2DM, postmenopausal women, age 61.87 ± 7.85 (41–80 years); from outpatient clinic, Hospital |
Abdulameer,2018 [25] | Malaysia | cross-sectional study | The heel bone | T score and QUS | 450 | 100 | 22.20 | T2DM, 231(51.3%)male, 219(48.7%)female; age 62.67 ± 9.24 years; BMI 26.36 ± 4.39 kg/m2, from the outpatient diabetes clinic, hospital; |
Maryam Ghodsi,2021 [31] | Iran | cross-sectional study | LS (L2–L4), hip, and FN | T score or Z score | 165 | 23 | 13.92 | T2DM, 63 male,102 female; age, total 50.86 (11.17), male 51.02 (12.85), female 50.76(10.07); BMI 29.40 (4.32) kg/m2, from community. |
AL-Homood,2017 [23] | Arabia | cross-sectional study | LS (L2–L4) and FN | T score | 170 | 50 | 29.41 | T2DM, females patients; age 56.3 ± 8.5 years; BMI 32.2 ± 6.2 kg/m2; from hospital. |
Yan Guo,2020 [27] | China | cross-sectional study | The heel bone | T score | 1073 | 434 | 40.45 | T2DM, male 382, female 691(64.4%); age 69.09 ± 6.53; BMI 25.29 ± 3.31; from communities. |
Afshinnia, 2007 [18] | USA | cross-sectional study | LS (L2–L4), TH | T score | 159 | 54 | 33.96 | T2DM, 26 male, 133 female; age 72.3 ± 10.4 years; BMI 28.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2; from hospital |
Yaturu, 2009 [19] | USA | cross-sectional study | LS and FN | T score | 550 | 97 | 17.63 | T2DM, 550 male,age 67.5 ± 0.38 (50 to 76) years; BMI 30.08 ± 0.2; from hospital |
Schwartz, 2005 [14] | USA | cohort study | FN and TH | T score | 480 | 66 | 13.75 | T2DM, 222 (46.25%) female; age 70-90 years; from university |
Roma’n, 2004 [17] | Spain | cross-sectional study | The calcaneal | T score | 92 | 20 | 21.70 | T2DM, 56 females and 36 males; age 63.3 ± 9.1 years; BMI 29.6 ± 6.1 kg/m2; from a tertiary care hospital. |
Lingna Fang, 2021 [30] | China | cross-sectional study | LS and hip | T score | 187 | 58 | 31.02 | T2DM, 82 male, 105 female; age male 65.23 ± 9.34, female 65.08 ± 8.28 years; BMI male 24.9 ± 3.99, female 25.61 ± 3.62 kg/m2; from hospital. |
Jianbo Li, 2014 [22] | China | cross-sectional study | LS (L1–L4) and FN | T or Z score | 258 | 133 | 51.55 | T2DM, postmenopausal women; age non-OP 59.6 (48.7, 65.3), OP 63.3 (50.2, 67.7); BMI non-OP 23.7 (2.2), OP 22.4 (2.7); from hospital. |
Karimifar, 2012 [21] | Iran | cross sectional study | FN and LS (L2-L4) | T score | 200 | 78 | 39 | T2DM; postmenopausal women; age 66.91 ± 5.78 years; BMI 31.65 ± 4.42 kg/m2; from hospital. |
Bruckner, 2014 [35] | Germany | cross-sectional study | Self-reported | T score | 398 | T1, 14 T2, 43 | T1, 9.03 T2, 17.7 | 155 T1DM, 243 T2DM; T1DM, 139 (71 male, 68 female), T2DM, 243 (115 male, 128 female) age T2DM male, 62.7 ± 8.5 female, 62.9 ± 8.5 BMI T1D male 25.2 ± 3.3, female 24.6 ± 2.9, T2D male 28.9 ± 4.5,female 29.7 ± 5.3 kg/m2; from hospital. |
Yufeng Li, 2020 [28] | USA | cross-sectional study | LS (L2-4) | QCT | 629 | 106 | 16.85 | T2DM, male 342, female 287(46%); age 55.12 ± 9.75 years; BMI 27.55 ± 3.87 kg/m2; from communities. |
Junyan Li, 2021 [32] | China | cross-sectional study | LS (L1–L4) and left hip | T score | 164 | 65 | 39.63 | T2DM, postmenopausal women; age 45-84 years, NBG 55.17 ± 6.59, OAG 62.17 ± 7.71, OPG 65.78 ± 8.1 years; from hospital. |
Min Qiu, 2020 [29] | China | cross sectional study | LS (L1–L4) and FN | T score | 147 | 26 | 17.69 | T2DM, 84 male, 63 female; age NBG 53.4 ± 3.2, OAG 55.7 ± 4.1 OPG 57.6 ± 5.0 years; BMI NBG 25.3 ± 2.1,OAG 25.0 ± 1.7, OPG 24.9 ± 1.7 kg/m2; from hospital. |
Shuangling Xiu, 2019 [5] | China | cross-sectional study | LS (2–4), FN, and the hip | T score | 370 | 121 | 32.70 | T2DM, male 176, female 194; age 67.6 ± 5.78 years; BMI 25.81 ± 3.66; from hospital. |
Xiaojuan Xu,2021 [34] | China | cross-sectional study | LS (L1–L4), FN, and the hip | T score | 933 | 220 | 23.58 | T2DM, 535 male> = 50 years and 398 postmenopausal women); age male 63.0 (59.0, 67.0), female 64.0 (59.0, 70.0); BMI male 24.58 ± 3.29, female 24.58 (22.03, 27.30); from hospital. |
Yang Wu, 2021 [33] | China | cross-sectional study | LV, FN, TH | T score | 631 | 374 | 59.27A | T2DM, male; age 57.3 ± 12.0 years; BMI 24.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2; from hospital. |
L. Zhou, 2017 [24] | China | cross-sectional study | LS (L1–L4), proximal femur | T score | 99 | 27 | 27.30 | T2DM, postmenopausal women; age 62 ± 8 years; BMI 27.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2; from hospital. |
Xueyu Li, 2021 [15] | China | cross-sectional study | Existing database | T score | 4777 | 348 | 7.30 | T2DM, male 52% (2482); age 64.2 ± 14.2 years, from hospital |