Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with PA and DM receiving adrenalectomy
From: Recovery from diabetes mellitus in primary aldosteronism patients after adrenalectomy
Factors | Overall (n = 54) | Remission (n = 9) | Improved (n = 18) | Unchanged (n = 27) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | Age (years) | 56.65 (10.31) | 46.56 (8.35) | 59.56 (9.38) | 57.74 (10.10) | 0.010* |
Gender (female/male) | 20 (37.0)/34 (63.0) | 2 (22.2)/7(77.8) | 8 (44.4)/10(55.6) | 10 (37.0)/17(63.0) | 0.530‡ | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.35 (3.05) | 25.94 (3.26) | 26.67 (2.72) | 26.28 (3.28) | 0.835* | |
Results of hypertension (remission/improved/unchanged) | 17 (31.5)/31 (57.4)/6 (11.1) | 4 (44.4)/5 (55.6)/0 (0) | 5 (27.8)/12 (66.7)/1 (5.6) | 8 (29.6)/14 (51.9)/5 (18.5) | 0.428‡ | |
Duration of hypertension (months) | 102.00 (123.00) | 96.00 (90.00) | 84.00 (163.00) | 120.00 (128.00) | 0.202† | |
Maximal SBP (mm Hg) | 175.75 (34.66) | 177.56 (40.62) | 173.94 (41.64) | 176.29 (28.70) | 0.963* | |
Duration of DM (months) | 54.00 (88.75) | 12.00 (20.00) | 54.00 (92.00) | 72.00 (92.00) | 0.066† | |
Order of hypertension and DM (hypertension-DM/DM-hypertension) | 37 (68.5)/17 (31.5) | 7 (77.8)/2(22.2) | 14 (77.8)/4(22.2) | 16 (59.3)/11(40.7) | 0.342‡ | |
Maximal diameter of tumor (cm) | 1.50 (0.60) | 1.50 (0.90) | 1.50 (0.82) | 1.35 (0.55) | 0.312* | |
Dizziness or headache (no/yes) | 29 (53.7)/25 (46.3) | 6 (66.7)/9 (33.3) | 8 (44.4)/10 (55.6) | 15 (55.6)/12 (44.4) | 0.531‡ | |
Palpitate (no/yes) | 41 (75.9)/13 (24.1) | 8 (88.9)/1 (11.1) | 12 (66.7)/6 (33.3) | 21 (77.8)/6 (22.2) | 0.423‡ | |
Weakness or acroanesthesia (no/yes) | 24 (44.4)/30 (55.6) | 4 (44.4)/5 (55.6) | 9 (50.0)/9 (50.0) | 11 (40.7)/16 (59.3) | 0.781‡ | |
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system factors | ALD (lying position) (ng/dL) | 23.22 (15.02) | 28.18 (23.14) | 19.50 (10.55) | 23.82 (17.58) | 0.343† |
ALD (standing position) (ng/dL) | 27.59 (17.30) | 27.42 (16.04) | 28.08 (19.79) | 27.59 (14.91) | 0.214† | |
ARR (lying position) | 148.88 (272.10) | 103.95 (664.30) | 124.71 (127.71) | 272.04 (540.23) | 0.309† | |
ARR (standing position) | 87.67 (240.63) | 87.67 (479.28) | 61.83 (223.49) | 110.84 (181.49) | 0.815† | |
PRA (lying position) (ng/ml·h) | 0.11 (0.16) | 0.12 (0.22) | 0.14 (0.11) | 0.10 (0.14) | 0.289† | |
PRA (standing position) (ng/ml·h) | 0.32 (0.57) | 0.33 (0.84) | 0.39 (0.81) | 0.28 (0.43) | 0.779† | |
AT2 (lying position) (ng/L) | 52.53 (15.77) | 50.60 (14.60) | 55.36 (12.60) | 51.32 (18.45) | 0.719* | |
AT2 (standing position) (ng/L) | 57.79 (15.14) | 61.85 (16.79) | 59.83 (13.16) | 54.05 (15.95) | 0.355* | |
Serum electrolytes | Serum Na (mmol/L) | 143.23 (2.61) | 142.84 (2.27) | 143.87 (2.95) | 142.94 (2.49) | 0.453* |
Serum K (mmol/L) | 2.82 (0.61) | 2.88 (0.58) | 2.95 (0.60) | 2.70 (0.63) | 0.391* | |
Serum Cl (mmol/L) | 102.81 (2.92) | 102.54 (2.72) | 103.41 (2.14) | 102.50 (3.42) | 0.573* | |
Serum Ca (mmol/L) | 2.27 (0.11) | 2.25 (0.11) | 2.26 (0.10) | 2.27 (0.12) | 0.860* | |
Serum Mg (mmol/L) | 0.85 (0.09) | 0.88 (0.06) | 0.84 (0.08) | 0.85 (0.10) | 0.577* | |
Serum P (mmol/L) | 1.00 (0.21) | 1.10 (0.13) | 0.95 (0.18) | 0.99 (0.25) | 0.248* | |
Urinary electrolytes | Concentration of urinary K (mmol/L) | 29.33 (12.48) | 21.35 (13.92) | 30.50 (13.79) | 31.26 (10.41) | 0.231* |
Concentration of urinary Na (mmol/L) | 78.74 (39.50) | 86.98 (60.34) | 91.37 (35.59) | 66.17 (31.65) | 0.194* | |
Concentration of urinary Cl (mmol/L) | 77.63 (37.98) | 76.08 (53.72) | 92.84 (37.20) | 66.54 (29.94) | 0.172* | |
Concentration of urinary Ca (mmol/L) | 3.06 (2.59) | 3.06 (0.88) | 3.35 (4.00) | 3.62 (3.32) | 0.695† | |
Concentration of urinary Mg (mmol/L) | 2.32 (1.02) | 1.66 (0.57) | 2.63 (1.48) | 2.43 (0.78) | 0.187* | |
Concentration of urinary P (mmol/L) | 11.62 (5.02) | 12.88 (6.62) | 11.56 (6.16) | 11.15 (3.85) | 0.785* | |
24 h urinary K (mmol/24 h) | 59.99 (23.79) | 35.45 (9.32) | 58.15 (22.30) | 65.99 (25.14) | 0.085* | |
24 h urinary Na (mmol/24 h) | 170.56 (85.36) | 123.33 (62.54) | 195.21 (102.72) | 158.61 (63.23) | 0.293* | |
24 h urinary Cl (mmol/24 h) | 166.18 (86.24) | 118.33 (55.39) | 194.87 (106.91) | 149.68 (56.21) | 0.221* | |
24 h urinary Ca (mmol/24 h) | 6.95 (2.04) | 5.94 (1.90) | 6.91 (2.03) | 7.39 (2.14) | 0.507* | |
24 h urinary Mg (mmol/24 h) | 4.29 (1.29) | 3.28 (1.22) | 4.19 (1.27) | 4.78 (1.19) | 0.139* | |
24 h urinary P (mmol/24 h) | 21.57 (7.09) | 19.24 (3.39) | 18.64 (4.67) | 24.85 (8.29) | 0.138* | |
Glucocorticoid metabolism | PTC8 (Cortisol) (nmol/L) | 349.04 (177.08) | 313.57 (157.81) | 400.41 (184.03) | 326.96 (180.03) | 0.445* |
PTC0 (Cortisol) (nmol/L) | 77.64 (75.00) | 44.77 (49.00) | 91.71 (158.00) | 82.61 (61.00) | 0.146† | |
ACTH (ng/L) | 19.98 (19.00) | 27.09 (41.00) | 23.36 (15.11) | 17.18 (39.00) | 0.974† | |
Total 24 h UFC (µg/24 h) | 80.15 (84.92) | 70.90 (90.10) | 77.80 (107.00) | 87.75 (55.23) | 0.682† | |
Total 24 h UFC (> upper limit of normal range/within normal range) | 20 (37.0)/34 (63.0) | 5 (55.6)/4 (44.4) | 7 (38.9)/11 (61.1) | 8 (29.6)/19 (70.4) | 0.358‡ | |
Hemocytes | Hemoglobin (g/L) | 135.70 (14.62) | 142.22 (7.21) | 136.67 (17.11) | 132.77 (14.28) | 0.237* |
Red blood cell (1012/L) | 4.57 (0.48) | 4.92 (0.35) | 4.56 (0.53) | 4.46 (0.44) | 0.046* | |
White blood cell (109/L) | 6.00 (1.56) | 6.09 (2.22) | 5.81 (1.33) | 6.10 (1.50) | 0.822* | |
Platelet (109/L) | 188.00 (57.05) | 186.56 (55.11) | 165.06 (51.57) | 204.38 (57.71) | 0.077* | |
Liver and kidney function | ALT (IU/L) | 21.00 (12.50) | 25.00 (9.00) | 17.00 (11.25) | 21.00 (17.00) | 0.303† |
AST (IU/L) | 20.52 (7.08) | 19.89 (4.43) | 19.94 (5.42) | 21.11 (8.73) | 0.833* | |
GGT (IU/L) | 24.00 (20.50) | 24.00 (19.00) | 18.00 (19.25) | 26.00 (21.25) | 0.534† | |
ALP (IU/L) | 76.17 (21.67) | 77.56 (29.90) | 83.39 (21.37) | 70.69 (17.63) | 0.158* | |
Albumin/Globin | 1.73 (0.32) | 1.92 (0.23) | 1.65 (0.31) | 1.72 (0.33) | 0.102* | |
Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 75.46 (20.46) | 72.62 (19.26) | 72.06 (18.35) | 78.67 (22.31) | 0.521* | |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 92.73 (17.65) | 111.12 (7.84) | 91.83 (14.48) | 88.40 (19.01) | 0.016* | |
Serum uric acid (µmol/L) | 343.26 (81.95) | 328.75 (68.88) | 341.61 (75.70) | 348.66 (91.16) | 0.834* | |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.11 (1.69) | 5.04 (1.56) | 4.88 (1.11) | 5.29 (2.06) | 0.731* | |
Lipid metabolism | Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.55 (0.95) | 1.45 (1.04) | 1.63 (1.50) | 1.51 (1.06) | 0.749† |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.22 (0.89) | 4.45 (0.82) | 4.17 (0.91) | 4.18 (0.91) | 0.738* | |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.18 (0.34) | 1.21 (0.41) | 1.18 (0.29) | 1.17 (0.35) | 0.959* | |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.40 (0.73) | 2.47 (0.48) | 2.37 (0.76) | 2.39 (0.79) | 0.956* | |
Glucose metabolism | Fasting blood glucose before surgery (mmol/L) | 7.55 (3.19) | 6.70 (2.28) | 8.28 (5.32) | 7.50 (2.62) | 0.398† |
HbA1C before surgery (%) | 6.60 (1.25) | 6.50 (0.88) | 7.29 (1.55) | 6.50 (1.00) | 0.068† | |
Fasting blood glucose after surgery (mmol/L) | 6.36 (1.88) | 5.23 (0.88) | 6.15 (1.89) | 7.08 (2.29) | 0.001† | |
HbA1C after surgery (mmol/L) | 6.40 (0.72) | 5.70 (0.50) | 6.45 (0.55) | 6.50 (0.80) | 0.001† |