Table 2 The anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic characterizations of all participants

Age (years)

37.68 ± 9.07

34.92 ± 6.61

0.241^a

BMI (kg/m2)

23.31(22.81–24.34)

42.59(36.36–46.12)

0.000^b

WC (cm)

85.00(82.25–87.25)

114.00(111.25–119.50)

0.000^b

HC (cm)

95.00(90.00–97.00)

128.00(120.25–133.75)

0.000^b

WHR,-

0.89(0.86–0.93)

0.92(0.87–0.94)

0.202^b

WHtR,-

0.51 ± 0.04

0.72 ± 0.06

0.000^a

SBP (mmHg)

120.00(110.00–120.00)

120.00(111.00–130.00)

0.266^b

DBP (mmHg)

80.00(70.00–80.00)

80.00(70.00–90.00)

0.472^b

FBG(mg/dL)

85.21 ± 7.29

89.00 ± 8.71

0.119 ^a

Urea (mg/dL)

22.60 ± 7.54

26.53 ± 6.08

0.0573^a

Creatinin(mg/dL)

0.58 ± 0.16

0.73 ± 0.11

0.001^a

TG(mg/dL)

91.55(66.43–140.15)

105.95(66.55–152.35)

0.965^b

TC(mg/dL)

147.40 ± 37.61

180.40 ± 25.48

0.001^a

HDL-C(mg/dL)

44.02 ± 7.33

44.95 ± 72.87

0.666^a

LDL-C(mg/dL)

88.70 ± 28.93

113.41 ± 19.65

0.001^a

AST(mg/dL)

16.70(11.70–20.95)

20.65(16.20–23.95)

0.079^b

ALT(mg/dL)

12.55(11.08–20.25)

20.30(15.35–30.20)

0.036^b

hs.CRP(mg/dL)

1.80(0.98–2.56)

5.70(2.91–11.20)

0.000^b

Insulin (µU/mL)

8.02 ± 3.57

19.4 ± 4.70

0.000^a

HOMA-IR,-

1.69(1.03–2.06)

3.92(3.44–5.22)

0.000^b

HbA1c,-

5.20(4.90–5.40)

5.50(5.13–5.68)

0.003^b