Table 2 Comparison of the patient characteristics between normal and prolonged QTc categories
From: Prevalence of QT prolongation and its risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
Parameters | QTc prolonged N = 102 | QTc normal N = 680 | p values |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 60.0 ± 11.0 | 55.8 ± 11.9 | 0.001* |
Sex | |||
Male | 45 (44.1%) | 354 (52.1%) | 0.135 |
Female | 57 (55.9%) | 326 (47.9%) | |
Height (m) | 161.1 ± 8.6 | 161.3 ± 9.3 | 0.831 |
Body weight (kg) | 85.5 ± 13.9 | 82.5 ± 16.1 | 0.070 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 33.1 ± 5.4 | 31.8 ± 6.0 | 0.030* |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 15.9 ± 9.0 | 14.1 ± 8.6 | 0.050 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.6 ± 1.7 | 8.7 ± 1.8 | 0.565 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 135.1 ± 17.4 | 133.9 ± 16.9 | 0.509 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.6 ± 9.8 | 74.5 ± 10.3 | 0.434 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 83.4 ± 14.9 | 82.9 ± 13.1 | 0.723 |
Fasting blood glucose (mm/L) | 9.1 ± 3.5 | 9.2 ± 3.5 | 0.790 |
Postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L) | 13.5 ± 4.4 | 13.4 ± 5.1 | 0.922 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 0.019* |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 0.017* |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.23 ± 0.6 | 1.23 ± 0.5 | 0.928 |
Triglycerides (mg/L) | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0.590 |
Retinopathy (%) | 45 (44.1%) | 277 (40.7%) | 0.517 |
Neuropathy (%) | 37 (36.3%) | 236 (34.7%) | 0.757 |
Nephropathy | 29 (28.4%) | 130 (19.1%) | 0.029 |
CVA | 2 (2.0%) | 13 (1.9%) | 0.973 |
CVD | 29 (28.4%) | 92 (13.5%) | < 0.001* |
PVD | 2 (2.0%) | 25 (3.7%) | 0.376 |
Hypertension | 78 (76.5%) | 445 (65.4%) | 0.027* |
Hyperlipidemia | 81 (79.4%) | 503 (74.0%) | 0.239 |
Sodium | 138.4 ± 3.1 | 138.4 ± 3.1 | 0.799 |
Potassium | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 0.780 |
Diabetes medications | 98 (99.0%) | 645 (99.8%) | 0.126 |
Sensitizers | 78 (76.5%) | 545 (80.1%) | 0.390 |
Thiazolidinediones | 12 (11.8%) | 112 (16.5%) | 0.225 |
Secretagogues | 32 (21.4%) | 247 (36.3%) | 0.330 |
Meglitinides | 3 (2.9%) | 33 (4.9%) | 0.390 |
DDP4 inhibitors | 17 (13.7%) | 66 (9.7%) | 0.212 |
Alphaglucosidase inhibitors | 7 (6.9%) | 32 (4.7%) | 0.351 |
Insulin | 53 (52.0%) | 269 (39.6%) | 0.018* |
Anti-hypertension medications | 72 (70.6%) | 376 (55.3%) | 0.004* |
ACE inhibitors | 19 (18.6%) | 959 (14.0%) | 0.214 |
ARBs | 33 (32.4%) | 221 (32.5%) | 0.976 |
Calcium channel blockers | 24 (23.5%) | 110 (16.2%) | 0.066 |
Beta-blockers | 22 (21.6%) | 104 (15.3%) | 0.108 |
Thiazide diuretics | 15 (14.7%) | 92 (13.5%) | 0.747 |
Loop diuretics | 14 (13.7%) | 21 (3.1%) | < 0.001* |
Potassium-sparing diuretics | 2 (2.0%) | 2 (0.3%) | 0.028* |
Lipid lowering medications | 71 (69.6%) | 441 (64.9%) | 0.346 |
Statins | 71 (69.6%) | 423 (62.2%) | 0.148 |
Fibrates | 3 (2.9%) | 22 (3.2%) | 0.875 |
Ezetimibe | 1 (1.0%) | 4 (0.6%) | 0.643 |
Anti-platelet medication | 75 (73.5%) | 426 (62.6%) | 0.033* |