Table 2 Medical history, demographic, and metabolic parameters of all individuals

N

5338

2470

2868

n (%)

 Metabolic syndrome^a

1324(24.8)

309(12.5)

1015(35.4)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension

2861(53.6)

1131(45.8)

1730(60.3)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes

833(15.6)

308(12.5)

525(18.3)

 < 0.001

 Cardiopathy

892(16.7)

432(17.5)

460(16.0)

0.157

 Hyperlipidemia

281(5.3)

128(5.2)

153(5.3)

0.803

 Male

2400(45.0)

1170(47.4)

1230(42.9)

0.001

 Body mass index (kg/m²)

 < 0.001

 < 23 lean

2012(37.7)

1461(59.1)

551(19.2)

 23–24.9 overweight

1354(25.4)

535(21.7)

819(28.6)

 ≥ 25 obese

1972(36.9)

474(19.2)

1498(52.2)

Mean ± SD

 Age (years)

69.19 ± 7.13

69.39 ± 7.36

69.02 ± 6.92

0.062

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

142.14 ± 22.19

139.22 ± 22.81

144.66 ± 21.33

 < 0.001

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

81.51 ± 11.78

80.58 ± 12.08

82.32 ± 11.45

 < 0.001

 Waist circumference (cm)

82.64 ± 9.26

78.36 ± 8.52

86.34 ± 8.22

 < 0.001

 Waist-to-hip ratio

0.88 ± 0.07

0.86 ± 0.07

0.9 ± 0.06

 < 0.001

 ALT (U/L)

24.65 ± 21.72

22.34 ± 21.75

26.64 ± 21.49

 < 0.001

 AST (U/L)

23.88 ± 12.59

23.54 ± 12.31

24.17 ± 12.83

0.068

 Ureophil (mmol/L)

5.48 ± 1.53

5.44 ± 1.56

5.51 ± 1.5

0.107

 Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

6.16 ± 1.72

5.91 ± 1.57

6.38 ± 1.8

 < 0.001

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

140.09 ± 14.15

138.61 ± 14.59

141.36 ± 13.63

 < 0.001

 Platelet (10⁹/L)

197.14 ± 61.21

193.19 ± 67.7

200.55 ± 54.79

 < 0.001

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.08 ± 0.98

5.05 ± 1

5.11 ± 0.96

0.026

 Total bilirubin (µmol/L)

15.78 ± 5.78

15.85 ± 5.77

15.72 ± 5.8

0.387

 Creatinine (µmol/L)

69.8 ± 21.75

71.01 ± 25.5

68.77 ± 17.84

 < 0.001

 HDL (mmol/L)

1.25 ± 0.28

1.31 ± 0.29

1.19 ± 0.25

 < 0.001

 LDL (mmol/L)

3.17 ± 0.87

3.13 ± 0.88

3.21 ± 0.86

 < 0.001

 TG (mmol/L)

1.48 ± 1.09

1.21 ± 0.87

1.71 ± 1.2

 < 0.001

 Uric Acid (µmol/L)

344.36 ± 86.64

327.82 ± 82.36

358.61 ± 87.71

 < 0.001