Table 3 Pre-treatment and post-treatment clinical characteristics of T2D participants treated with sitagliptin

BMI (kg/m²)

25.67 ± 3.10

25.12 ± 3.14

− 0.55 (− 0.83, − 0.26)

< 0.001*

TC (mmol/L)

4.80 ± 0.92

4.79 ± 0.85

−0.02 (− 0.23, 0.20)

0.881

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.04 ± 0.94

3.03 ± 0.91

−0.01 (− 0.23, 0.21)

0.938

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.15 ± 0.26

1.20 ± 0.32

0.05 (− 0.01, 0.10)

0.088

TG (mmol/L)

1.80 (1.24, 2.27)

1.39 (1.05, 2.34)

−0.08 (− 0.42, 0.27)

0.101

FBG (mmol/L)

8.67 ± 1.47

6.68 ± 0.93

−1.98 (−2.47–1.49)

< 0.001*

FINS (μIU/mL)

10.20 (6.70, 13.10)

7.80 (5.40, 12.40)

−1.60 (−3.48, 0.28)

0.177

HbA1c (%)

8.04 ± 0.74

6.59 ± 0.53

− 1.45 (− 1.73, − 1.17)

<  0.001*

HOMA-IR

4.19 (2.21, 5.56)

2.50 (1.41, 3.49)

− 1.56 (− 2.47, − 0.65)

< 0.001*

HOMA-β

41.23 (22.83, 58.26)

53.47 (32.95, 85.31)

19.29 (9.44, 29.14)

< 0.001*

Adropin (ng/mL)

3.12 ± 0.73

4.97 ± 1.01

1.85 (1.47, 2.23)

< 0.001*