Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants according to the tertiles of serum concentration of prolactin at baseline and last follow-up

Age (year)^a

44.3 (10.4)

44.0 (11.3)

43.4 (12)

59.5 (10)

59.5 (10.8)

58.9 (11.4)

0.7

0.8

BMI (kg/m²)^a

25.4 (3.7)

26.0 (4.1)

26 (4.2)

27.2 (4.2)

27.4 (4.6)

28.0 (4.5)

0.2

0.1

Marital status (married), n (%)

213 (95.5)

213 (95.9)

192 (92.7)

210 (94.2)

212 (95.5)

200 (96.6)

0.3

0.5

Education (upper diploma), n (%)

132 (59.2)

117 (52.7)

116 (56)

150 (67.3)

117 (52.7)

128 (61.8)

0.4

0.1

Family history of diabetes, n (%)

56 (25.1)

60 (27.0)

62 (30)

56 (25.1)

60 (27.0)

62 (30)

0.5

0.5

Smoking status (ever), n (%)

112 (50.2)

91 (41.0)

84 (40.6)

119 (53.4)

95 (42.8)

89 (43.0)

0.07

0.3

Physical activity (appropriate), n (%)

44 (19.7)

52 (23.4)

35 (16.9)

95 (42.8)

97 (43.7)

82 (39.6)

0.2

0.7

WC (cm)^a

87.5 (10)

88.3 (11.5)

88.9 (11)

96.6 (10.8)

96.9 (11.4)

98.2 (11.1)

0.4

0.3

HC (cm)^a

95.5 (6.6)

96.9 (7.1)

96.6 (7.8)

97.9 (7.4)

98.8 (7.9)

99.4 (8.5)

0.1

0.1

WHR^a

0.91 (0.06)

0.91 (0.07)

0.92 (0.06)

0.98 (0.06)

0.98 (0.05)

0.99 (0.05)

0.3

0.3

WrC (cm)^a

17.6 (0.9)

17.7 (0.9)

17.8 (1)

17.7 (1.0)

17.8 (1.0)

17.9 (1.1)

0.6

0.3

SBP (mmHG)^a

118.7 (19.2)

118.8 (19.4)

119.9 (16)

122.7 (20.9)

122.9 (19.0)

121.9 (15.6)

0.8

0.9

DBP (mmHG)^a

78.2 (11.2)

76.9 (9.8)

78.5 (11)

79.4 (11.2)

78.6 (10.2)

79.8 (10.8)

0.2

0.5

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)^a

205.9 (35.6)

205.2 (40.2)

210 (38)

190.9 (37)

188.3 (36.3)

195.4 (42.0)

0.4

0.1

TG (mg/dl)^b

149 (103 − 203)

157 (109 − 231)

154 (111 − 207)

135 (97 − 185)

138.5 (103 − 198)

138 (99 − 196)

0.3

0.5

LDL (mg/dl)^a

132.5 (30.1)

130.9 (35.8)

136.5 (34.8)

117.7 (31.6)

113.5 (31)

121.1 (36)

0.2

0.06

HDL (mg/dl)^a

39.7 (10.5)

38.2 (9.2)

38.7 (9.3)

43.6 (10.4)

42.8 (10.4)

43.2 (9.8)

0.2

0.7

FPG (mg/dl)^a

90.6 (9.3)

90.0 (9.6)

90.9 (8.5)

101.7 (25)

101.2 (22)

101.6 (22.5)

0.6

0.9

2-h OGTT glucose (mg/dl)^a

100.3 (29.2)

96.7 (29.7)

96.7 (28)

130.8 (57.8)

133.3 (58.4)

130 (51.9)

0.2

0.8

LH (IU/l)^b

3.9 (2.7 − 5.5)¹³

4.0 (3.0 − 5.1)²³

4.5 (3.5 − 5.8)

-

-

-

0.003

-

FSH (IU/l)^b

5.4 (3.9 − 7.8)

5.1 (3.5 − 7.8)

5.1 (3.4 − 8)

-

-

-

0.9

-

LH/FSH ratio^b

0.75 (0.52 − 1)¹³

0.75 (0.53 − 0.97)²³

0.77 (0.59 − 1.2)

-

-

-

0.04

-

AMH (ng/dl) ^b

5.7 (3.5 − 8.3)

6.25 (3.6 − 9.4)

6 (3.5 − 8.6)

-

-

-

0.4

-

Testosterone (ng/dl)^b

4.7 (3.8 − 5.5)

4.9 (4.1 − 5.6)

4.8 (4 − 5.6)

-

-

-

0.3

-

DM, n (%)^†

-

-

-

35 (15.7)

43 (19.4)

30 (14.5)

-

0.4

Age at DM onset (year)^b

-

-

-

58 (51 − 67)

56 (51 − 69)

53.5 (47 − 63)

-

0.2