Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants recruited in the trial (n = 244)
Variables | Group A (n = 129) | Group B (n = 115) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 60 (46.5%) | 65 (56.5%) | 0.118 |
Female | 69 (53.5%) | 50 (43.5%) | |
Age –years | 50.1 ± 10.2 | 50 ± 10.6 | 0.971 |
BMI | |||
BMI –kg/m2 | 29.6 ± 4.9 | 28.9 ± 4.9 | 0.331 |
Normal (18.5 to < 25.0) | 5 (3.9%) | 11 (9.6%) | 0.198 |
Overweight (25.0 to < 30.0) | 10 (7.8%) | 9 (7.8%) | |
Obese (≥ 30.0) | 114 (88.4%) | 95 (82.6%) | |
Duration of Type 2 DM-years | 4.1 ± 4.3 (2; 1–22) | 3.7 ± 4.7 (1; 0.3–33) | 0.572 |
Smoking Status | |||
Never | 112 (86.8%) | 98(85.2%) | 0.937 |
Ex-Smoker | 10 (7.8%) | 10(8.7%) | |
Smoker | 7 (5.4%) | 7(6.1%) | |
Comorbid Conditions | |||
Hypertension | 38 (29.5%) | 29 (25.2%) | 0.459 |
Dyslipidemia | 25 (19.4%) | 17 (14.8%) | 0.342 |
Obesity | 23 (17.8%) | 16 (13.9%) | 0.405 |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 4 (3.1%) | 8 (7%) | 0.164 |
Cardiovascular Disease | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0.371 |
Retinopathy | 2 (1.6%) | 2 (1.7%) | 0.908 |
Neuropathy | 12 (9.3%) | 12 (10.4%) | 0.767 |
Nephropathy | 1 (0.8%) | – | 0.344 |
Concomitant Medication History of Study Participants | |||
Glucose Lowering Agents | |||
Biguanides | 111 (86%) | 85 (73.9%) | 0.027 |
Sulphonyl urea | 32 (24.8%) | 37 (32.2%) | 0.202 |
Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor | 59 (45.7%) | 59 (51.3) | 0.385 |
Insulin | 12 (9.3%) | 12 (10.4%) | 0.767 |
Vitals of Study Participants | |||
Heart Rate-bpm | 82.5 ± 9.3 | 83.2 ± 10.2 | 0.528 |
Systolic Blood Pressure-mmHg | 128.2 ± 16.2 | 128.3 ± 15.2 | 0.955 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure-mmHg | 81.4 ± 9.7 | 81.4 ± 8.7 | 0.947 |
Baseline Biochemical Profile of Study Participants | |||
Alanine Aminotransferase -IU/L | 41.9 ± 27.0 (34; 11–154) | 43.4 ± 29.6 (32; 7–161) | 0.404 |
Aspartate Aminotransferase -IU/L | 31.4 ± 14.1 (28; 12–93) | 32.3 ± 15.8 (27; 13–111) | 0.398 |
Alkaline phosphatase -IU/L | 89.7 ± 25.0 | 88.7 ± 26.8 | 0.545 |
eGFR (mL /min /1.73m2) | 100.9 ± 26.3 | 101.0 ± 25.5 | 0.956 |
Creatinine -mg/dl | 0.8 ± 0.213 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.929 |
Urea Nitrogen -mg/dl | 14.3 ± 5.3 (13; 4–33) | 14.2 ± 5.4 (13; 5–37) | 0.809 |
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) | |||
NGSP | 8.3% ± 0.9 | 8.3% ± 0.9 | 0.659 |
IFCC | 67 mmol/mol | 67 mmol/mol | |
Fasting glucose (venous)-mg/dl | 149.8 ± 45.3 (143; 70–355) | 148.4 ± 43.0 (139; 58–344) | 0.796 |
Total cholesterol-mg/dl | 169.2 ± 40.6 | 174.5 ± 43 | 0.324 |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-mg/dl | 110.3 ± 40.8 | 114.9 ± 42.5 | 0.394 |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol-mg/dl | 37.7 ± 9.5 (36; 18–80) | 37.1 ± 8.6(36; 18–60) | 0.637 |
Triglycerides-mg/dl | 181.0 ± 120.2 (154; 53–960) | 196.2 ± 118.9 (181; 50–1058) | 0.321 |
Hemoglobin-g/dl | 13.5 ± 1.8 | 13.7 ± 2.3 | 0.323 |
White Blood Cells-103/μL | 8.7 ± 2.2 | 8.1 ± 2.0 | 0.026 |