Table 2 Comparisons between depressed and non-depressed presented for all, for 330 younger and 697 older patients with type 2 diabetes
Current depression (HADS-D ≥ 8) a | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients (18–94 years) | Younger patients (18–59 years) | Older patients (60–94 years) | ||||||||
Yes | No | P b | Yes | No | P b | Yes | No | P b | ||
n | 121 | 906 | 60 | 270 | 61 | 636 | ||||
Sex | Women | 61 (50) | 349 (38) | 0.012 | 35 (58) | 78 (29) | < 0.001 | 26 (43) | 271 (43) | > 0.99 |
Men | 60 (50) | 557 (62) | 25 (42) | 192 (71) | 35 (57) | 365 (57) | ||||
Age | 60 (50, 72) | 66 (58, 72) | 0.001 c | 36 (31, 39) | 53 (46, 57) | 0.003 c | 72 (66, 78) | 70 (66, 75) | 0.045 c | |
Depression (previous) c | 61 (57) | 130 (16) | < 0.001 | 36 (66) | 47 (19) | < 0.001 | 25 (48) | 83 (14) | < 0.001 | |
Anxiety (HADS-A ≥ 8) d | All | 78 (64) | 117 (13) | < 0.001 | 46 (77) | 56 (21) | < 0.001 | 32 (52) | 61 (10) | < 0.001 |
Women | 46 (75) | 54 (16) | < 0.001 | 30 (86) | 18 (23) | < 0.001 | 16 (62) | 36 (13) | < 0.001 | |
Men | 32 (53) | 63 (11) | < 0.001 | 16 (64) | 38 (20) | < 0.001 | 16 (46) | 25 (7) | < 0.001 | |
Antidepressants e | All | 31 (37) | 61 (12) | < 0.001 | 22 (49) | 21 (14) | < 0.001 | 9 (24) | 40 (12) | 0.043 f |
Women | 23 (49) | 39 (19) | < 0.001 | 17 (59) | 12 (24) | 0.002 | 6 (33) | 27 (18) | 0.12 f | |
Men | 8 (22) | 22 (8) | 0.010 f | 5 (31) | 9 (9) | 0.028 f | 3 (15) | 13 (7) | 0.18 f | |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) g | All | 77 (66) | 461 (53) | 0.008 | 46 (82) | 157 (61) | 0.003 | 31 (52) | 304 (50) | 0.80 |
Women | 45 (75) | 189 (57) | 0.009 | 29 (85) | 52 (68) | 0.05 | 16 (62) | 137 (54) | 0.46 | |
Men | 32 (57) | 272 (51) | 0.37 | 17 (77) | 105 (58) | 0.08 | 15 (44) | 167 (47) | 0.73 | |
Obesity (severe) (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) g | All | 15 (13) | 52 (6) | 0.005 | 12 (21) | 26 (10) | 0.018 | 3 (5) | 26 (4) | 0.74 f |
Women | 12 (20) | 27 (8) | 0.005 | 10 (29) | 10 (13) | 0.038 | 2 (8) | 17 (7) | 0.85 f | |
Men | 3 (5) | 25 (5) | 0.74 f | 2 (9) | 16 (9)e | > 0.99 f | 1 (3) | 9 (3) | 0.60 f | |
HbA1c > 64 mmol/mol (> 8%) h | 28 (24) | 225 (25) | 0.72 | 18 (31) | 104 (39) | 0.28 | 10 (16) | 121 (19) | 0.59 | |
Smoking i | All | 23 (20) | 104 (12) | 0.012 | 15 (29) | 46 (17) | 0.10 | 8 (14) | 58 (9) | 0.29 f |
Women | 15 (25) | 43 (13) | 0.010 | 10 (30) | 18 (24) | 0.48 f | 5 (19) | 25 (19) | 0.16 f | |
Men | 8 (14) | 61 (11) | 0.51 f | 5 (22) | 28 (15) | 0.37 f | 3 (9) | 33 (9) | > 0.99 f | |
Physical inactivity j | All | 46 (43) | 248 (29) | 0.004 | 28 (52) | 87 (34) | 0.014 | 18 (33) | 161 (27) | 0.32 |
Women | 24 (45) | 90 (27) | 0.007 | 14 (45) | 22 (29) | 0.10 | 10 (46) | 68 (27) | 0.08 f | |
Men | 22 (40) | 158 (30) | 0.15 | 14 (61) | 65 (36) | 0.023 | 8 (25) | 93 (27) | > 0.99 f | |
Myocardial infarction k | 13 (12) | 82 (10) | 0.52 | 3 (6) | 10 (4) | 0.71 f | 10 (18) | 72 (12) | 0.21 f | |
Stroke l | 8 (7) | 54 (6) | 0.69 f | 3 (6) | 5 (2) | 0.16 f | 5 (9) | 49 (8) | 0.80 f | |