Table 2A Adjusted multivariate Cox regression model for exercise stress testing

Age (years)

1.032 (1.03–1.04)

< 0.001

1.028 (1.02–1.03)

< 0.001

1.028 (1.02–1.03)

< 0.001

1.022 (1.02–1.03)

< 0.001

1.02 (1.02–1.02)

< 0.001

Gender (Female vs. Male)

1.131 (1.03–1.24)

0.009

1.176 (1.07–1.29)

0.001

1.138 (1.04–1.25)

0.007

0.892 (0.81–0.99)

0.027

0.87 (0.79–0.96)

0.007

Resting heart rate (bpm)

1.002 (1.00–1.00)

0.109

1.003 (1.00-1.01)

0.011

1.004 (1.00-1.01)

0.003

1.002 (1.00-1.01)

0.109

1.001 (1.00–1.00)

0.452

Cardiovascular risk factors

 Hypertension

1.189 (1.08–1.31)

< 0.001

1.138 (1.03–1.26)

0.015

1.06 (0.95–1.18)

0.284

1.059 (0.95–1.18)

0.293

 Hyperlipidemia

1.196 (1.08–1.32)

< 0.001

1.502 (1.36–1.66)

< 0.001

1.537 (1.39–1.70)

< 0.001

1.539 (1.39–1.71)

< 0.001

 Smoking

1.202 (0.94–1.54)

0.150

1.241 (0.97–1.59)

0.090

1.19 (0.93–1.52)

0.167

1.178 (0.92–1.51)

0.193

 Lung disease

1.06 (0.77–1.46)

0.720

0.961 (0.69–1.34)

0.814

0.94 (0.67–1.31)

0.716

0.908 (0.65–1.27)

0.572

 Known CAD

1.154 (0.98–1.36)

0.092

1.149 (0.97–1.37)

0.117

1.18 (0.99–1.40)

0.060

1.189 (1.00-1.41)

0.049

 Known CHF

0.588 (0.36–0.97)

0.039

0.483 (0.29–0.81)

0.005

0.431 (0.26–0.72)

0.001

0.429 (0.26–0.71)

0.001

Medications

 Statins

0.332 (0.28–0.40)

< 0.001

0.338 (0.28–0.41)

< 0.001

0.338 (0.28–0.41)

< 0.001

 PPI

1.632 (1.32–2.01)

< 0.001

1.563 (1.27–1.93)

< 0.001

1.568 (1.27–1.94)

< 0.001

 CCB

0.994 (0.81–1.21)

0.955

1.005 (0.82–1.23)

0.964

0.999 (0.82–1.22)

0.993

 BB

1.697 (1.38–2.09)

< 0.001

1.615 (1.31–1.99)

< 0.001

1.588 (1.29–1.96)

< 0.001

 ACE/ARB

0.996 (0.86–1.15)

0.951

0.979 (0.85–1.13)

0.771

0.988 (0.86–1.14)

0.866

 Diuretic

1.187 (0.95–1.48)

0.124

1.182 (0.95–1.47)

0.138

1.164 (0.93–1.45)

0.178

METs (Categories)

 METs 6–9

0.871 (0.75–1.01)

0.073

 METs 10–11

0.619 (0.52–0.73)

< 0.001

 METs ≥ 12

0.482 (0.39–0.59)

< 0.001

METs (Continuous)

0.90 (0.88–0.92)

< 0.001

Chronotropic incompetence

1.119 (1.01–1.24)

0.030

1.056 (0.95–1.17)

0.303

Duke Risk Score

 High Risk

1.293 (1.00-1.67)

0.048

1.257 (0.97–1.62)

0.078

 Moderate Risk

1.26 (1.14–1.39)

< 0.001

1.21 (1.10–1.33)

< 0.001