Table 4 Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among adolescents by demographic characteristics and diet, India, CNNS 2016–18

Sex

 Male

5.7

3.9, 8.2

1.3 (1.0, 1.6)

0.048

4,067

 Female

4.7

3.7, 6.0

Reference

3,940

Age (years)

 10–12

4.2

3.1, 5.6

Reference

-

2,634

 13–15

6.4

3.9, 10.5

1.5 (1.1, 2.0)

0.004

2,561

 16–18

5.0

3.8, 6.5

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

0.961

2,812

Currently in school

 No

6.1

4.2, 8.8

Reference

1,305

 Yes

4.9

3.7, 6.5

0.6 (0.5, 0.8)

 < 0.001

6,702

Area of residence

 Rural

4.2

3.4, 5.3

Reference

-

4,451

 Urban

7.9

5.0, 12.3

1.4 (1.1, 1.8)

0.013

3,556

Household Characteristics

 Religion

  Hindu

5.3

4.0, 6.9

Reference

5,646

  Muslim

4.9

3.4, 7.1

0.8 (0.6, 1.2)

0.288

974

  Christian

4.0

1.9, 8.1

0.6 (0.3, 1.4)

0.268

856

  Sikh

0.5

0.1, 2.1

0.1 (0.0, 1.1)

0.061

185

  Other

9.8

3.3, 25.7

1.7 (0.7, 3.9)

0.221

346

 Caste/Tribe

  Scheduled Caste/ Scheduled Tribe

4.8

3.5, 6.4

Reference

3,030

  Other Backward Class

5.3

3.4, 8.3

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

0.843

2,614

  Other

5.6

4.1, 7.5

1.1 (0.8, 1.4)

0.769

2,363

 Wealth Index

  Poorest

2.4

1.4, 4.1

Reference

606

  Poor

4.9

3.2, 7.4

2.1 (1.3, 3.3)

0.001

1,035

  Middle

3.9

2.5, 6.0

1.7 (1.1, 2.7)

0.029

1,604

  Rich

6.1

4.3, 8.6

2.6 (1.6, 4.1)

 < 0.001

2,200

  Richest

8.3

4.7, 14.1

3.4 (2.1, 5.5)

 < 0.001

2,562

 Unhealthy Diet ^a

  No

5.1

4.0, 6.5

Reference

7,242

  Yes

6.6

3.2, 13.0

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

0.657

765