Decreased inflammatory gene expression accompanies the improvement of liver enzyme and lipid profile following aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation in T2DM patients

Hoseini, Rastegar; Rahim, Hiwa Ahmed; Ahmed, Jalal Khdhr

doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01152-x

Table 4 Mean ± SD of lipid profile and liver enzymes before and after the 8-week intervention in patients with T2DM

From: Decreased inflammatory gene expression accompanies the improvement of liver enzyme and lipid profile following aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation in T2DM patients

Variables	AT + Vit D	AT	Vit D	C	P-Value
AST (U/L)
Before	35.17 ± 2.29	34.59 ± 2.56	36.89 ± 2.23	35.73 ± 1.30
After	25.13 ± 1.11	27.73 ± 1.24	30.20 ± 1.22	36.97 ± 2.23
P^†	0.001^*	0.022^*	0.039^*	0.398
Δ	−10.04 ± 1.18^μ€β	−6.86 ± 1.32^€β	−5.69 ± 1.01^β	1.24 ± 0.93	0.012^¥
ALT (U/L)
Before	33.36 ± 1.65	32.53 ± 2.28	34.18 ± 2.64	35.43 ± 1.50
After	24.04 ± 2.07	26.10 ± 1.37	30.12 ± 1.73	35.89 ± 1.34
P^†	0.011^*	0.024^*	0.043^*	0.624
Δ	−9.32 ± 0.42^μ€β	−6.43 ± 0.91 ^€β	−4.06 ± 0.91^β	0.46 ± 0.16	0.002^¥
GGT (U/L)
Before	38.34 ± 1.29	36.97 ± 2.26	36.23 ± 1.19	37.35 ± 1.26
After	26.24 ± 2.23	28.07 ± 1.17	30.14 ± 2.31	38.71 ± 2.15
P†	0.001*	0.014*	0.029*	0.287
Δ	−12.10 ± 0.94 ^μ€β	−8.90 ± 1.09 ^€β	−6.09 ± 1.12 ^β	1.36 ± 0.89	0.003 ¥
TC (mg/dl)
Before	187.19 ± 3.87	175.27 ± 5.11	179.04 ± 2.94	186.14 ± 3.26
After	164.17 ± 1.21	162.14 ± 3.54	169.36 ± 4.13 ^β	188.21 ± 1.49
P^†	0.001^*	0.001^*	0.012^*	0.282
Δ	−23.02 ± 2.66^μ€β	−13.13 ± 1.57^β	−9.68 ± 1.19^β	2.07 ± 1.77	0.001 ^¥
TG (mg/dl)
Before	163.42 ± 5.07	160.15 ± 3.07	155.43 ± 4.64	153.08 ± 3.26
After	146.13 ± 2.92^μ€β	150.25 ± 2.23	147.32 ± 2.76^β	156.35 ± 2.38
P^†	0.001^*	0.003^*	0.018^*	0.216
Δ	−17.29 ± 2.15^μ€β	−9.90 ± 0.84^€β	−8.11 ± 1.88^β	3.27 ± 0.88	0.003 ^¥
LDL (mg/dl)
Before	143.12 ± 4.34	140.26 ± 3.56	147.12 ± 6.47	142.14 ± 3.23
After	123.07 ± 2.33	128.27 ± 2.06	139.02 ± 2.02	144.17 ± 2.66
P^†	0.001^*	0.001^*	0.017^*	0.294
Δ	−20.05 ± 2.01^μ€β	−11.99 ± 1.50^€β	−8.10 ± 4.45^β	2.03 ± 0.57	0.002 ^¥
HDL (mg/dl)
Before	31.14 ± 2.63	32.29 ± 1.38	33.18 ± 1.27	32.54 ± 1.29
After	42.07 ± 1.82^μ€β	38.06 ± 2.11^β	37.92 ± 1.42^β	30.36 ± 2.15
P^†	0.001^*	0.031^*	0.042^*	0.092
Δ	10.93 ± 0.81^μ€β	5.77 ± 0.73^β	4.74 ± 0.15^β	−2.28 ± 0.86	0.026 ^¥
serum 25-OH-Vit D (ng/mL)
Before	22.22 ± 1.29	21.45 ± 2.57	23.17 ± 1.02	23.20 ± 3.41
After	39.67 ± 0.84	28.26 ± 1.62	34.18 ± 1.24	22.70 ± 1.64
P^†	0.001^*	0.002^*	0.001^*	0.111
Δ	17.45 ± 0.45^μ€β	6.81 ± 0.95^€β	11.01 ± 0.22^β	−0.50 ± 1.77	0.001 ^¥

Data analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post-hoc Tukey’s test after adjustment for baseline values
AT Aerobic Training, Vit D Vitamin D Supplementation, C Control Group, Δ pos-pre
P^†Statistical analysis was done by paired sample t-test
^*Significantly different in comparison pre and post within the groups
^¥Significantly different comparing Δ between groups
^μSignificantly different compared with AT
^€Significantly different compared with Vit D
^βSignificantly different compared with C

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ISSN: 1472-6823

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