Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the participants according to albuminuria

Age (yr)

58.87 ± 9.36

59.17 ± 9.75

57.59 ± 8.80

0.718

Male/female

29/71

32/34

16/18

0.022

Diabetes duration (yr)

11.17 ± 7.85

12.00 ± 8.88

8.54 ± 6.05

0.220

Hypertension (%)

64.3%

73.9%

78.3%

0.427

ACEIs/ARBs use (%)

72.7%

92%

95.8%

0.008

BMI (kg/m²)

27.25 ± 4.71

28.05 ± 4.11

28.81 ± 2.66

0.347

HbA1c^c (%)

6.47 ± 0.96

6.90 ± 0.93

7.05 ± 0.70

0.196

BUN (mg/dl)

14.40 ± 4.73

15.58 ± 5.47

17.30 ± 4.74

0.016

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.95 ± 0.17

1.00 ± .018

1.01 ± 0.22

0.084

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

74.17 ± 13.66

72.28 ± 18.28

72.28 ± 8.28

0.595

Sodium (mmol/lit)

139.76 ± 2.95

139.54 ± 2.61

140.06 ± 3.91

0.753

Potassium (mEq/lit)

4.38 ± 0.48

4.41 ± 0.40

4.36 ± 0.41

0.904

Serum uric acid (mg/dl)

4.59 ± 1.28

5.30 ± 1.42

5.79 ± 1.44

0.003

Calcium (mg/dl)

9.39 ± 0.47

9.53 ± 0.56

9.56 ± 0.45

0.213

Phosphorus (mg/dl)

3.84 ± 0.66

3.84 ± 0.57

4.01 ± 0.69

0.529

PTH (ng/lit)

39.92 ± 19.11

39.30 ± 27.29

46.62 ± 24.64

0.540

TSH (mIU/lit)

2.93 ± 2.15

2.51 ± 1.58

2.24 ± 1.38

0.233

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

152.16 ± 83.20

166.48 ± 97.45

193.16 ± 95.89

0.096

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

158.56 ± 40.17

149.79 ± 43.37

154.67 ± 30.36

0.445

LDL-C (mg/dl)

83.10 ± 33.81

82.80 ± 32.47

84.16 ± 27.37

0.982

HDL-C (mg/dl)

47.28 ± 14.42

41.23 ± 9.31

40.07 ± 3.61

0.007

UACR^b (mg/g)

4.45 ± 11

71.50 ± 73.75

530.00 ± 592.00

< 0.001

25OHD (ng/ml)

29.99 ± 13.69

27.57 ± 13.39

18.30 ± 8.12

< 0.001

Vitamin D Deficiency(%)

24.0%

33.3%

61.8%

< 0.001