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Table 1 Inadequacy rate of PGFNAB and USGFNAB in each study

From: Diagnostic accuracy of palpation versus ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Researcher & Year

Number of nodules

PGFNAB

USGFNAB

Source

Takashima 1994 [9]

330

4% (10/268)

19% (12/62)

23

Danese 1998 [10]

9683

9% (433/4986)

3.5% (167/4697)

15

Hatada 1998 [11]

166

30% (28/94)

17% (12/72)

17

Carmeci 1998 [12]

497

16% (60/370)

7% (9/127)

18

Goudy 2005 [13]

89

11.5% (9/78)

0% (0/11)

16

Cesur 2006 [14]

285

32% (92/285)

21.5% (61/285)

13

Izquierdo 2006 [15]

376

11% (19/170)

7% (16/225)

14

Can 2008 [16]

386

27% (55/202)

13% (23/184)

19

Krishnappa 2013 [17]

91

11% (6/91)

2% (2/91)

20

Guo 2015 [18]

489

2% (2/101)

2% (8/388)

12

Sharma 2017 [19]

410

15% (36/237)

0.5% (1/173)

21

Choong 2018 [7]

2322

4.5% (50/1123)

5% (55/1199)

7

Taha 2020 [5]

962

17% (98/570)

13% (51/392)

5