Increased serum levels of advanced glycation end products are negatively associated with relative muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study participants based on tertiles of serum levels of AGEs

	Low-tertile group	Mid-tertile group	High-tertile group	P
n	51	51	50
Age (years)	69.1 ± 8.8	73.1 ± 9.6	71.0 ± 8.9	0.093
Men (n, %)	24 (47)	24 (47)	20 (40)	0.71
Weight (kg)	62.5 ± 10.1	65.5 ± 11.0	64.0 ± 12.0	0.40
BMI (kg/m²)	24.7 ± 3.1	25.7 ± 3.0	25.8 ± 4.2	0.24
WC (cm)	88.5 ± 7.9	92.7 ± 8.6	90.2 ± 11.1	0.079
Physical inactivity score	0.54 ± 0.23	0.60 ± 0.22	0.56 ± 0.21	0.42
SBP (mmHg)	136 ± 21	141 ± 17	144 ± 22	0.099
DBP (mmHg)	80 ± 11	80 ± 10	81 ± 10	0.83
MNSI-PE (score)	1.73 ± 1.34	2.54 ± 1.44	2.54 ± 1.29	0.003*
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	126 ± 40	137 ± 40	128 ± 38	0.38
HbA_1c (%)	7.33 ± 1.09	7.79 ± 1.42	7.67 ± 1.43	0.19
LogALT	1.30 ± 0.23	1.30 ± 0.20	1.28 ± 0.18	0.79
Cr (mg/dL)	1.00 (0.75–1.00)	1.00 (0.80–1.09)	0.95 (0.82–1.18)	0.77
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	154 ± 29	156 ± 29	156 ± 26	0.88
HDL-C (mg/dL)	50 ± 12	48 ± 13	47 ± 12	0.64
LogTG	2.01 ± 0.22	2.05 ± 0.22	2.06 ± 0.19	0.47
AGEs (ng/mL)	61.38 ± 13.95	97.66 ± 9.87	145.00 ± 32.92	< 0.0001*

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and number (percentage) for non-continuous variables. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the three groups
BMI Body Mass Index, WC Waist Circumference, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, MNSI-PE Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Physical Examination score, HbA_1c glycosylated Hemoglobin, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, LogALT Logarithmic transformation of ALT (in U/L), Cr Creatinine, HDL-C High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, LogTG Logarithmic Transformation of TG (in mg/dL), AGEs Advanced Glycation End products
^*P < 0.05

ISSN: 1472-6823