Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the study population

Age (year)

43 ± 13

43 ± 15

44 ± 11

0.38

Body mass index (kg/m²)

25 ± 5

20 ± 2

30 ± 3

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

68 ± 14

57 ± 8

78 ± 11

< 0.001

Height (cm)

163 ± 9

165 ± 9

161 ± 9

< 0.001

Hip circumference (cm)

98 ± 10

90 ± 5

106 ± 8

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

87 ± 13

76 ± 8

97 ± 9

< 0.001

Waist to hip

0.89 ± 0.08

0.81 ± 0.007

0.91 ± 0.004

< 0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

140 ± 72

113 ± 61

165 ± 72

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

188 ± 41

174 ± 39

201 ± 39

< 0.001

High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)

39 ± 10

40 ± 9

39 ± 10

0.15

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)

120 ± 33

111 ± 35

128 ± 34

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

113 ± 13

109 ± 13

117 ± 12

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

72 ± 8

70 ± 9

75 ± 7

< 0.001

Cortisol

11 ± 61

13 ± 7

10 ± 6

0.002

Adiponectin

6.5 ± 58

7.8 ± 58

6.2 ± 57

0.015

FBS (mg/dL)

91 ± 22

87 ± 15

96 ± 27

< 0.001