| Overall population | Missing data | Non-DM patients (n = 703) | DM patients (n = 226) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 76 ± 10 |  | 76 [75 to 77] | 75 [74 to 76] | 0.065 |
Male sex | 748 (80.5%) | Â | 79.2% [76.2% to 82.2%] | 84.5% [79.8% to 89.2%] | 0.10 |
Smoking | Â | 4 (0.4%) | Â | Â | 0.18 |
 Never | 245 (26.5%) |  | 28.0% [24.6% to 31.3%] | 21.8% [16.4% to 27.2%] |  |
 Past | 516 (55.8%) |  | 54.4% [50.7% to 58.1%] | 60.1% [53.7% to 66.5%] |  |
 Current | 164 (17.7%) |  | 17.6% [14.8% to 20.4%] | 18.1% [13.1% to 23.2%] |  |
Pack-years of smoking | Â | 43 (4.6%) | Â | Â | 0.011 |
 None | 245 (27.7%) |  | 28.5% [25.1% to 31.9%] | 22.0% [16.6% to 27.5%] |  |
 > 0 and ≤ 20 pack-years | 110 (12.4%) |  | 13.1% [10.5% to 15.6%] | 11.4% [6.8% to 16.0%] |  |
 > 20 and ≤ 40 pack-years | 207 (23.4%) |  | 24.2% [20.9% to 27.4%] | 22.5% [16.9% to 28.1%] |  |
 > 40 pack-years | 324 (36.6%) |  | 34.3% [30.7% to 37.9%] | 44.1% [37.5% to 50.8%] |  |
BMI | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 |
 < 20 kg/m2 | 178 (19.2%) |  | 21.6% [18.6% to 24.7%] | 11.5% [7.3% to 15.7%] |  |
 20 to 25 kg/m2 | 495 (53.3%) |  | 51.6% [47.9% to 55.3%] | 58.4% [52.0% to 64.8%] |  |
 ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 256 (27.6%) |  | 26.7% [23.5% to 30.0%] | 30.1% [24.1% to 36.1%] |  |
Diabetes mellitus | 226 (24.3%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension | 819 (88.2%) | Â | 87.2% [84.7% to 89.7%] | 91.2% [87.4% to 94.9%] | 0.14 |
Dyslipidemia | 730 (78.6%) | Â | 76.0% [72.8% to 79.1%] | 86.7% [82.3% to 91.1%] | 0.001 |
Renal failure on dialysis | 37 (4.0%) | Â | 3.8% [2.4% to 5.3%] | 4.4% [1.7% to 7.1%] | 0.85 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 319 (34.4%) | 3 (0.3%) | 34.3% [30.8% to 37.8%] | 34.5% [28.3% to 40.7%] | 1.00 |
Malignant neoplasm | Â | 1 (0.1%) | Â | Â | 0.64 |
 None | 700 (75.4%) |  | 76.1% [72.9% to 79.3%] | 73.3% [67.5% to 79.1%] |  |
 Cured | 126 (13.6%) |  | 12.8% [10.3% to 15.3%] | 16.0% [11.2% to 20.8%] |  |
 In treatment | 102 (11.0%) |  | 11.1% [8.8% to 13.4%] | 10.7% [6.7% to 14.8%] |  |
Family history of aortic aneurysm | 40 (4.4%) | 14 (1.5%) | 4.8% [3.2% to 6.4%] | 3.5% [0.9% to 6.1%] | 0.58 |
Myocardial infarction | 119 (12.8%) | 1 (0.1%) | 11.3% [8.9% to 13.6%] | 17.7% [12.7% to 22.7%] | 0.016 |
History of coronary revascularization | 195 (21.0%) | 1 (0.1%) | 19.1% [16.2% to 22.0%] | 27.0% [21.2% to 32.8%] | 0.015 |
Cerebral hemorrhage | 33 (3.6%) | 1 (0.1%) | 3.4% [2.1% to 4.8%] | 4.0% [1.4% to 6.5%] | 0.85 |
Cerebral infarction | 107 (11.5%) | 1 (0.1%) | 10.7% [8.4% to 13.0%] | 14.2% [9.6% to 18.8%] | 0.19 |
LEAD | 82 (9.2%) | 40 (4.3%) | 8.5% [6.4% to 10.6%] | 14.4% [9.7% to 19.1%] | 0.019 |
Statin use | 466 (50.7%) | 10 (1.1%) | 48.1% [44.4% to 51.8%] | 58.4% [51.9% to 64.8%] | 0.009 |
Beta blocker use | 355 (38.6%) | 9 (1.0%) | 37.5% [33.9% to 41.1%] | 41.9% [35.5% to 48.4%] | 0.26 |
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use | 405 (44.0%) | 9 (1.0%) | 44.4% [40.7% to 48.1%] | 42.1% [35.6% to 48.6%] | 0.60 |
Antiplatelet use | 404 (44.0%) | 10 (1.1%) | 42.3% [38.6% to 46.0%] | 49.5% [42.9% to 56.1%] | 0.073 |
Anticoagulant use | 147 (16.0%) | 9 (1.0%) | 15.2% [12.5% to 17.8%] | 18.3% [13.2% to 23.3%] | 0.32 |
Systolic blood pressure | Â | 6 (0.6%) | Â | Â | 0.53 |
 < 120 mmHg | 245 (26.5%) |  | 26.5% [23.3% to 29.8%] | 26.6% [20.8% to 32.4%] |  |
 120 to 140 mmHg | 423 (45.8%) |  | 44.8% [41.1% to 48.4%] | 48.9% [42.4% to 55.5%] |  |
 140 to 160 mmHg | 200 (21.7%) |  | 22.8% [19.7% to 25.9%] | 18.2% [13.2% to 23.3%] |  |
 ≥ 160 mmHg | 55 (6.0%) |  | 5.9% [4.1% to 7.7%] | 6.2% [3.1% to 9.3%] |  |
Diastolic blood pressure | Â | 6 (0.6%) | Â | Â | 0.74 |
 < 80 mmHg | 590 (63.9%) |  | 64.0% [60.5% to 67.6%] | 63.6% [57.3% to 69.9%] |  |
 80 to 90 mmHg | 212 (23.0%) |  | 23.5% [20.3% to 26.6%] | 21.3% [15.9% to 26.6%] |  |
 90 to 100 mmHg | 86 (9.3%) |  | 8.5% [6.4% to 10.6%] | 12.0% [7.7% to 16.2%] |  |
 ≥ 100 mmHg | 35 (3.8%) |  | 4.0% [2.5% to 5.4%] | 3.1% [0.8% to 5.4%] |  |
Non-HDL cholesterol | Â | 190 (20.5%) | Â | Â | 0.47 |
 < 100 mg/dl (< 2.59 mmol/l) | 158 (21.4%) |  | 21.4% [18.2% to 24.5%] | 26.2% [20.3% to 32.1%] |  |
 100 to 130 mg/dl (2.59 to 3.36 mmol/l) | 262 (35.5%) |  | 35.7% [32.0% to 39.4%] | 31.9% [25.3% to 38.6%] |  |
 130 to 170 mg/dl (3.36 to 4.40 mmol/l) | 239 (32.3%) |  | 32.5% [28.9% to 36.1%] | 30.9% [24.4% to 37.4%] |  |
 ≥ 170 mg/dl (≥ 4.40 mg/dl) | 80 (10.8%) |  | 10.4% [8.1% to 12.8%] | 10.9% [6.7% to 15.2%] |  |
LDL cholesterol | Â | 67 (7.2%) | Â | Â | 0.10 |
 < 70 mg/dl (< 1.81 mmol/l) | 105 (12.2%) |  | 11.9% [9.5% to 14.3%] | 15.5% [10.4% to 20.6%] |  |
 70 to 100 mg/dl (1.81 to 2.59 mmol/l) | 308 (35.7%) |  | 35.3% [31.7% to 38.9%] | 37.5% [30.9% to 44.2%] |  |
 100 to 140 mg/dl (2.59 to 3.62 mmol/l) | 343 (39.8%) |  | 40.1% [36.5% to 43.8%] | 36.0% [29.7% to 42.3%] |  |
 ≥ 140 mg/dl (≥ 3.62 mmol/l) | 106 (12.3%) |  | 12.7% [10.1% to 15.2%] | 11.0% [6.8% to 15.1%] |  |
HDL cholesterol | Â | 94 (10.1%) | Â | Â | 0.038 |
 < 40 mg/dl (< 1.03 mmol/l) | 206 (24.7%) |  | 23.4% [20.1% to 26.6%] | 28.9% [22.7% to 35.1%] |  |
 40 to 50 mg/dl (1.03 to 1.29 mmol/l) | 268 (32.1%) |  | 31.2% [27.6% to 34.8%] | 34.5% [28.1% to 40.8%] |  |
 50 to 60 mg/dl (1.29 to 1.55 mmol/l) | 187 (22.4%) |  | 23.7% [20.4% to 27.0%] | 18.4% [13.1% to 23.7%] |  |
 ≥ 60 mg/dl (≥ 1.55 mmol/l) | 174 (20.8%) |  | 21.7% [18.5% to 24.9%] | 18.2% [13.0% to 23.5%] |  |
Triglycerides | Â | 34 (3.7%) | Â | Â | 0.006 |
 < 100 mg/dl (< 1.13 mmol/l) | 350 (39.1%) |  | 42.0% [38.3% to 45.7%] | 31.5% [25.3% to 37.7%] |  |
 100 to 150 mg/dl (1.13 to 1.69 mmol/l) | 283 (31.6%) |  | 31.0% [27.5% to 34.5%] | 31.9% [25.7% to 38.2%] |  |
 150 to 200 mg/dl (1.69 to 2.26 mmol/l) | 137 (15.3%) |  | 13.5% [10.9% to 16.1%] | 20.8% [15.3% to 26.2%] |  |
 ≥ 200 mg/dl (≥ 2.26 mmol/l) | 125 (14.0%) |  | 13.4% [10.9% to 16.0%] | 15.8% [11.0% to 20.6%] |  |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate | Â | 3 (0.3%) | Â | Â | 0.11 |
 < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 47 (5.1%) |  | 5.0% [3.4% to 6.7%] | 5.3% [2.4% to 8.2%] |  |
 15 to 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 54 (5.8%) |  | 5.6% [3.9% to 7.3%] | 6.6% [3.4% to 9.9%] |  |
 30 to 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 416 (44.9%) |  | 43.3% [39.6% to 47.0%] | 50.0% [43.5% to 56.5%] |  |
 ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 409 (44.2%) |  | 46.1% [42.4% to 49.8%] | 38.1% [31.7% to 44.4%] |  |
LVEF | Â | 49 (5.3%) | Â | Â | 0.005 |
 < 50% | 62 (7.0%) |  | 6.4% [4.6% to 8.3%] | 9.1% [5.3% to 12.9%] |  |
 50% to 60% | 142 (16.1%) |  | 15.2% [12.5% to 18.0%] | 18.4% [13.2% to 23.5%] |  |
 60% to 70% | 486 (55.2%) |  | 54.1% [50.3% to 57.9%] | 58.0% [51.4% to 64.6%] |  |
 ≥ 70% | 190 (21.6%) |  | 24.2% [21.0% to 27.5%] | 14.6% [9.8% to 19.4%] |  |