Table 1 Baseline characteristics of overall population

Age (years)

76 ± 10

76 [75 to 77]

75 [74 to 76]

Male sex

748 (80.5%)

79.2% [76.2% to 82.2%]

84.5% [79.8% to 89.2%]

Smoking

4 (0.4%)

 Never

245 (26.5%)

28.0% [24.6% to 31.3%]

21.8% [16.4% to 27.2%]

 Past

516 (55.8%)

54.4% [50.7% to 58.1%]

60.1% [53.7% to 66.5%]

 Current

164 (17.7%)

17.6% [14.8% to 20.4%]

18.1% [13.1% to 23.2%]

Pack-years of smoking

43 (4.6%)

 None

245 (27.7%)

28.5% [25.1% to 31.9%]

22.0% [16.6% to 27.5%]

 > 0 and ≤ 20 pack-years

110 (12.4%)

13.1% [10.5% to 15.6%]

11.4% [6.8% to 16.0%]

 > 20 and ≤ 40 pack-years

207 (23.4%)

24.2% [20.9% to 27.4%]

22.5% [16.9% to 28.1%]

 > 40 pack-years

324 (36.6%)

34.3% [30.7% to 37.9%]

44.1% [37.5% to 50.8%]

BMI

 < 20 kg/m²

178 (19.2%)

21.6% [18.6% to 24.7%]

11.5% [7.3% to 15.7%]

 20 to 25 kg/m²

495 (53.3%)

51.6% [47.9% to 55.3%]

58.4% [52.0% to 64.8%]

 ≥ 25 kg/m²

256 (27.6%)

26.7% [23.5% to 30.0%]

30.1% [24.1% to 36.1%]

Diabetes mellitus

226 (24.3%)

Hypertension

819 (88.2%)

87.2% [84.7% to 89.7%]

91.2% [87.4% to 94.9%]

Dyslipidemia

730 (78.6%)

76.0% [72.8% to 79.1%]

86.7% [82.3% to 91.1%]

Renal failure on dialysis

37 (4.0%)

3.8% [2.4% to 5.3%]

4.4% [1.7% to 7.1%]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

319 (34.4%)

3 (0.3%)

34.3% [30.8% to 37.8%]

34.5% [28.3% to 40.7%]

Malignant neoplasm

1 (0.1%)

 None

700 (75.4%)

76.1% [72.9% to 79.3%]

73.3% [67.5% to 79.1%]

 Cured

126 (13.6%)

12.8% [10.3% to 15.3%]

16.0% [11.2% to 20.8%]

 In treatment

102 (11.0%)

11.1% [8.8% to 13.4%]

10.7% [6.7% to 14.8%]

Family history of aortic aneurysm

40 (4.4%)

14 (1.5%)

4.8% [3.2% to 6.4%]

3.5% [0.9% to 6.1%]

Myocardial infarction

119 (12.8%)

1 (0.1%)

11.3% [8.9% to 13.6%]

17.7% [12.7% to 22.7%]

History of coronary revascularization

195 (21.0%)

1 (0.1%)

19.1% [16.2% to 22.0%]

27.0% [21.2% to 32.8%]

Cerebral hemorrhage

33 (3.6%)

1 (0.1%)

3.4% [2.1% to 4.8%]

4.0% [1.4% to 6.5%]

Cerebral infarction

107 (11.5%)

1 (0.1%)

10.7% [8.4% to 13.0%]

14.2% [9.6% to 18.8%]

LEAD

82 (9.2%)

40 (4.3%)

8.5% [6.4% to 10.6%]

14.4% [9.7% to 19.1%]

Statin use

466 (50.7%)

10 (1.1%)

48.1% [44.4% to 51.8%]

58.4% [51.9% to 64.8%]

Beta blocker use

355 (38.6%)

9 (1.0%)

37.5% [33.9% to 41.1%]

41.9% [35.5% to 48.4%]

Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use

405 (44.0%)

9 (1.0%)

44.4% [40.7% to 48.1%]

42.1% [35.6% to 48.6%]

Antiplatelet use

404 (44.0%)

10 (1.1%)

42.3% [38.6% to 46.0%]

49.5% [42.9% to 56.1%]

Anticoagulant use

147 (16.0%)

9 (1.0%)

15.2% [12.5% to 17.8%]

18.3% [13.2% to 23.3%]

Systolic blood pressure

6 (0.6%)

 < 120 mmHg

245 (26.5%)

26.5% [23.3% to 29.8%]

26.6% [20.8% to 32.4%]

 120 to 140 mmHg

423 (45.8%)

44.8% [41.1% to 48.4%]

48.9% [42.4% to 55.5%]

 140 to 160 mmHg

200 (21.7%)

22.8% [19.7% to 25.9%]

18.2% [13.2% to 23.3%]

 ≥ 160 mmHg

55 (6.0%)

5.9% [4.1% to 7.7%]

6.2% [3.1% to 9.3%]

Diastolic blood pressure

6 (0.6%)

 < 80 mmHg

590 (63.9%)

64.0% [60.5% to 67.6%]

63.6% [57.3% to 69.9%]

 80 to 90 mmHg

212 (23.0%)

23.5% [20.3% to 26.6%]

21.3% [15.9% to 26.6%]

 90 to 100 mmHg

86 (9.3%)

8.5% [6.4% to 10.6%]

12.0% [7.7% to 16.2%]

 ≥ 100 mmHg

35 (3.8%)

4.0% [2.5% to 5.4%]

3.1% [0.8% to 5.4%]

Non-HDL cholesterol

190 (20.5%)

 < 100 mg/dl (< 2.59 mmol/l)

158 (21.4%)

21.4% [18.2% to 24.5%]

26.2% [20.3% to 32.1%]

 100 to 130 mg/dl (2.59 to 3.36 mmol/l)

262 (35.5%)

35.7% [32.0% to 39.4%]

31.9% [25.3% to 38.6%]

 130 to 170 mg/dl (3.36 to 4.40 mmol/l)

239 (32.3%)

32.5% [28.9% to 36.1%]

30.9% [24.4% to 37.4%]

 ≥ 170 mg/dl (≥ 4.40 mg/dl)

80 (10.8%)

10.4% [8.1% to 12.8%]

10.9% [6.7% to 15.2%]

LDL cholesterol

67 (7.2%)

 < 70 mg/dl (< 1.81 mmol/l)

105 (12.2%)

11.9% [9.5% to 14.3%]

15.5% [10.4% to 20.6%]

 70 to 100 mg/dl (1.81 to 2.59 mmol/l)

308 (35.7%)

35.3% [31.7% to 38.9%]

37.5% [30.9% to 44.2%]

 100 to 140 mg/dl (2.59 to 3.62 mmol/l)

343 (39.8%)

40.1% [36.5% to 43.8%]

36.0% [29.7% to 42.3%]

 ≥ 140 mg/dl (≥ 3.62 mmol/l)

106 (12.3%)

12.7% [10.1% to 15.2%]

11.0% [6.8% to 15.1%]

HDL cholesterol

94 (10.1%)

 < 40 mg/dl (< 1.03 mmol/l)

206 (24.7%)

23.4% [20.1% to 26.6%]

28.9% [22.7% to 35.1%]

 40 to 50 mg/dl (1.03 to 1.29 mmol/l)

268 (32.1%)

31.2% [27.6% to 34.8%]

34.5% [28.1% to 40.8%]

 50 to 60 mg/dl (1.29 to 1.55 mmol/l)

187 (22.4%)

23.7% [20.4% to 27.0%]

18.4% [13.1% to 23.7%]

 ≥ 60 mg/dl (≥ 1.55 mmol/l)

174 (20.8%)

21.7% [18.5% to 24.9%]

18.2% [13.0% to 23.5%]

Triglycerides

34 (3.7%)

 < 100 mg/dl (< 1.13 mmol/l)

350 (39.1%)

42.0% [38.3% to 45.7%]

31.5% [25.3% to 37.7%]

 100 to 150 mg/dl (1.13 to 1.69 mmol/l)

283 (31.6%)

31.0% [27.5% to 34.5%]

31.9% [25.7% to 38.2%]

 150 to 200 mg/dl (1.69 to 2.26 mmol/l)

137 (15.3%)

13.5% [10.9% to 16.1%]

20.8% [15.3% to 26.2%]

 ≥ 200 mg/dl (≥ 2.26 mmol/l)

125 (14.0%)

13.4% [10.9% to 16.0%]

15.8% [11.0% to 20.6%]

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

3 (0.3%)

 < 15 ml/min/1.73 m²

47 (5.1%)

5.0% [3.4% to 6.7%]

5.3% [2.4% to 8.2%]

 15 to 30 ml/min/1.73 m²

54 (5.8%)

5.6% [3.9% to 7.3%]

6.6% [3.4% to 9.9%]

 30 to 60 ml/min/1.73 m²

416 (44.9%)

43.3% [39.6% to 47.0%]

50.0% [43.5% to 56.5%]

 ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m²

409 (44.2%)

46.1% [42.4% to 49.8%]

38.1% [31.7% to 44.4%]

LVEF

49 (5.3%)

 < 50%

62 (7.0%)

6.4% [4.6% to 8.3%]

9.1% [5.3% to 12.9%]

 50% to 60%

142 (16.1%)

15.2% [12.5% to 18.0%]

18.4% [13.2% to 23.5%]

 60% to 70%

486 (55.2%)

54.1% [50.3% to 57.9%]

58.0% [51.4% to 64.6%]

 ≥ 70%

190 (21.6%)

24.2% [21.0% to 27.5%]

14.6% [9.8% to 19.4%]