Table 1 General characteristics and distribution of the macronutrient dietary intakes based on the categories of density DII* (n = 535)
From: Associations between the dietary inflammatory index with obesity and body fat in male adolescents
Density DII Categories** | Total | P-value*** | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
DII > 0.4 | DII ≥ 0.4 | |||
Age (y) | 14.1 ± 1.3 | 13.9 ± 0.9 | 14.1 ± 1.2 | 0.188 |
Weight (kg) | 79.6 ± 35.5 | 77.0 ± 10.0 | 70.1 ± 32.2 | 0.463 |
Height (cm) | 165.0 ± 4.1 | 165.6 ± 7.0 | 165.1 ± 4.8 | 0.184 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 2.4 | 28.0 ± 2.9 | 28.5 ± 2.5 | 0.050 |
MR (kcal/d) | 1624.7 ± 212.8 | 1697.7 ± 237 | 1638.9 ± 219 | 0.002 |
Body muscle (%) | 38.4 ± 3.5 | 37.4 ± 4.2 | 38.2 ± 3.6 | 0.013 |
Body fat (%) | 18.7 ± 7.7 | 21.4 ± 10.2 | 19.2 ± 8.3 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (m/d) | 920.2 ± 621.9 | 1224.0 ± 2871 | 979.3 ± 1384 | 0.05 |
Number of siblings | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 0.170 |
Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2463 ± 581.5 | 2424 ± 816.2 | 2436 ± 635.5 | 0.045 |
Parents’ education (n %) | < 0.001
| |||
Illiterate | 19 (4.4%) | 13 (12.5%) | 32 (5.9%) | |
Up to diploma | 379 (87.9%) | 77 (74.0%) | 456 (85.2%) | |
College education | 33 (7.6%) | 14 (13.4%) | 47 (8.8%) | |
Parents marital status (n %) | 0.301
| |||
Widow | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (0.3%) | |
Married | 429 (99.6%) | 102 (98.2%) | 531 (99.4%) | |
Divorced | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (0.3%) | |
Protein (g/d) | 89.3 ± 22.6 | 91.5 ± 41.0 | 89.7 ± 27.1 | 0.456 |
Carbohydrate (g/d) | 284.0 ± 68.0 | 280.4 ± 99.1 | 283.3 ± 75.0 | 0.665 |
Total fiber (g/d) | 19.0 ± 6.0 | 21.3 ± 11.8 | 19.4 ± 7.5 | < 0.001 |
- Soluble fiber (g/d) | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.903 |
Total fat intake (g/d) | 111.5 ± 36.2 | 97.0 ± 46.7 | 108.7 ± 38.8 | < 0.001 |
Cholesterol (mg/d) | 306.4 ± 156.6 | 300.4 ± 278.0 | 305.2 ± 186.2 | 0.768 |
SFA (g/d) | 28.7 ± 9.3 | 25.5 ± 14.6 | 28.1 ± 10.6 | < 0.001 |
MUFA (g/d) | 42.5 ± 15.1 | 36.5 ± 18.9 | 41.4 ± 16.1 | < 0.001 |
PUFA (g/d) | 30.3 ± 12.4 | 25.4 ± 15.2 | 29.3 ± 13.1 | < 0.001 |
Oleic acid (g/d) | 39.0 ± 15.0 | 32.5 ± 18.1 | 37.7 ± 15.8 | < 0.001 |
Linoleic acid (mg/d) | 27.7 ± 12.1 | 22.9 ± 14.7 | 26.8 ± 12.8 | < 0.001 |
Linolenic acid (mg/d) | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.031 |
EPA (g/d) | 0.01 ± 0.07 | 0.01 ± 0.06 | 0.01 ± 0.07 | 0.453 |
DHA (g/d) | 0.06 ± 0.23 | 0.04 ± 0.20 | 0.05 ± 0.22 | 0.421 |
Sodium (mg/d) | 2735 ± 4755 | 2499 ± 1377 | 2689 ± 4310 | 0.617 |
Potassium (mg/d) | 2590 ± 675.4 | 2657 ± 1218 | 2603 ± 808.9 | 0.446 |
